tipitaka network ... his life, his acts, his words                 sabbe satta bhavantu sukhi-tatta

An Elementary Paa.li Course

Selections for Translation

I. Buddheniyaa Vatthu: Story of Buddheni

Jambudiipe kira pubbe paa.taliputtanagare sattaasiiti-ko.ti-nihita-dhana.m eka.m se.t.thi-kula.m ahosi. Tassa pana se.t.thino ekaa y'eva dhiitaa ahosi - naamena Buddhenii naama. Tassa satta-vassika-kaale maataa-pitaro kaalamaka.msu. Tasmi.m kule sabba.m saapateyya.m tassaa y'eva ahosi.

Saa kira abhiruupaa paasaadikaa paramaaya va.n.napokkharataaya samannaagataa devaccharaa-pa.tibhaagaa piyaa ca ahosi manaapaa saddhaa pasannaa ratanattayamaamikaa pa.tivasati. Tasmi.m pana nagare se.t.thisenaapati - uparaajaadayo ta.m attano paadaparikatta.m kaamayamaanaa manusse pesesu.m pa.n.naakaarehi saddhi.m. Saa ta.m sutvaa cintesi:- mayha.m maataapitaro sabba.m vibhava.m pahaaya mataa. Mayaa'pi tathaa gantabba.m. Ki.m me patikulena. Kevala.m citta-vinaasaaya bhavati. Mayaa pan'ima.m dhana.m Buddha-saasane y'eva nidahitu.m va.t.tatii'ti cintesi. Cintetvaa ca pana tesa.m mayha.m patikulena'ttho'ti pa.tikkhipi.

Saa tato pa.t.thaaya mahaadaana.m pavattentii sama.na-braahma.ne santappesi.

Ath'aaparabhaage eko assa-vaa.nijako assa-vaa.nijjaaya pubbant'aaparanta.m gacchanto aagamma imasmi.m gehe nivaasa.m ga.nhi. Atha so vaa.nijo ta.m disvaa dhiitu-sineha.m pati.t.thaapetvaa gandha-maalaa - vatth - 'aala`nkaaraadiihi tassaa upakaarako hutvaa gamanakaale - "Amma etesu assesu tava ruccanaka.m assa.m ga.nhaahii" ti aaha.

Saa'pi asse oloketvaa eka.m sindhavapotaka.m disvaa "eta.m me dehii' " ti aaha.

Vaa.nijo - "Amma eso sindhavapotako. Appamattaa hutvaa pa.tijaggaahii' " ti vatvaa ta.m pa.tipaadetvaa agamaasi.

Saa'pi ta.m pa.tijaggamaanaa aakaasa - gaamii - bhaava.m ~natvaa sammaapa.tijaggantii eva.m cintesi - pu~n~nakara.nassa me sahaayo laddho'ti agatapubbaa ca me Bhagavato sakala.m maarabala.m vidhaametvaa Buddhabhuutassa Jaya-mahaa Bodhi-bhuumi. Yannuunaaha.m tattha gantvaa Bhagavato Jayamahaa-bodhi.m vandeyyan'ti cintetvaa bahuu rajata-suva.n.na-maalaadayo kaaraapetvaa ekadivasa.m assam' abhiruyha aakaasena gantvaa bodhi-maalake .thatvaa - Aagacchantu ayya suva.n.namaalaa puujetun'ti ugghosesi - ten'ettha:

Yato pa.t.thaaya'ha.m Buddha - saasane suddha-maanasaa
Pasunnaa tena saccena - mamanuggaha-buddhiyaa

Aagacchantu namassantu - bodhi.m puujentu saadhuka.m
So.n.namaalaahi Sambuddha - puttaa ariyasaavakaa

Sutvaa ta.m vacana.m ayyaa - bahuu Siilavaasino
Aagamma nabhasaa tattha - vandi.msu ca mahi.msu ca.

Tato-ppabhuti saa kumaarikaa Buddha-saasane atii'va pasannaa niccameva assamabhiruyha aagantvaa ariyehi saddhi.m Mahaabodhi.m suva.n.namaalaabhi puujetvaa gacchati.

Atha Paa.taliputta-nagar'opavane vanacaraa tassa abhi.nha.m gacchantiyaa ca aagacchantiyaa ca ruupasampatti.m disvaa ra~n~no kathesu.m. "Mahaaraaja, evaruupaa kumaarikaa assam'abhiruyha aagantvaa nibandha.m vanditvaa gacchati. Devassaanuruua.m aggamahesi bhavitun' " ti.

Raajaa ta.m sutvaa "Tena hi bhane ga.nhatha na.m kumaari.m Mama aggamahesi.m karomii" ti, purise payojesi.

Tena payuttaa purisaa Bodhi-puuja.m katvaa aagacchanti.m ga.nhaamaa'ti tattha niliinaa gaha.na-sajjaa a.t.tha.msu. Tadaa saa kumaarikaa assam'abhiruyha Mahaa-Bodhima.n.da.m gantvaa viitaraagehi saddhi.m pupphapuuja.m katvaa vanditvaa nivatti. Atha tesu eko Dhammarakkhitatthero naama tassaa eva'maaha: "Bhagini, tva.m antaraamagge coraa ga.nhitukaamaa .thitaa. Asukha.t.thaana.m patvaa appamattaa siigha.m gacchaa" ti.

Saa pi gacchantii ta.m .thaana.m patvaa corehi anubandhitaa assassa pa.nhiyaa sa~n~na.m datvaa pakkami. Coraa pacchato pacchato anubandhi.msu. Asso vega.m janetvaa aakaasa'mullanghi. Kumaarikaa vega.m sandhaaretu.m asakkontii assassa pi.t.thito parigilitvaa patantii - mayaa katuupakaara.m sara puttaati aaha. So patanti.m disvaa vegena gantvaa pi.t.thiya.m nisiidaapetvaa aakaasato netvaa saka.t.thaane y'eva pati.t.thaapesi. Tasmaa

Tiracchaanagataa p'eva.m - sarantaa upakaaraka.m
Na jahantii'ti mantvaana - kata~n~nuu hontu paanino.

Tato saa kumaarikaa sattaasiitiko.ti - dhana.m Buddhasaasane y'eva vapitvaa yaavajiiva.m siila.m rakkhitvaa tato cutaa suttappabuddho viya devaloke nibbatti.

Atitaru.navayaa bho maatugaamaa'pi eva.m
Vividhakusalakamma.m katvaa sagga.m vajanti
Kusalaphalamahanta.m ma~n~namaanaa bhavantaa
Bhavatha katha'mupekkaa daanamaanaadikamme.

I^I. Paaniiyadinnassa Vatthu: Story of the Giver of Water

Jambudiipe a~n~natarasmi.m janapade kir'eko manusso ra.t.thato ra.t.tha.m janapadato janapada.m vicaranto anukkamena Candabhaagaa-nadiitiira.m patvaa naava.m abhiruhitvaa paratiira.m gacchati. Ath'aapara.m gabbhinitthii taaya eva'naavaaya gacchati. Atha naavaa ga`ngaa-majjhaa-patta-kaale tassa kammaja vaataa cali.msu. Tato saa vijaayitu'masakkontii kiilantaa paaniiya.m me detha pipaasitaa'mhii' ti manusse yaaci. Te tassaa vacana.m asu.nantaa viya paaniiya.m n'aada.msu. Atha so jaanapadiko tassa karu.naayanto paaniiya.m gahetvaa mukhe aasi~nci. Tasmi.m kha.ne saa laddhaassaasaa sukhena daaraka.m vijaayi. Atha te tiira.m patvaa katipaya-divasena attano attano .thaana.m paapu.ni.msu. Ath'aaparabhaage so jaanapadiko a~n~natara-kicca.m pa.ticca tassaa itthiyaa vasana-ghara.m patvaa tattha tattha aahi.n.danto nivaasana.t.taana.m alabhitvaa nagaradvaare saala.m gantvaa tattha nipajji.

Tasmi.m y'eva divase coraa nagara.m pavisitvaa raajagehe sandhi.m chinditvaa dhanasaara.m gahetvaa gacchantaa raajapurisehi anubaddhaa gantvaa taa y'eva saalaaya cha.d.detvaa palaayi.msu. Atha raajapurisaa aagantvaa ta.m jaanapadika.m disvaa - aya.m coro'ti gahetvaa pacchaabaaha.m gaa.lha.m bandhitvaa puna-divase ra~n~no dassesu.m.

Ra~n~naa "Kasmaa bha.ne, corakamma'kaasii" ti pucchito.

"N'aaha.m, deva, coro, aagantuko'mhi" ti vutte, raajaa core pariyesitvaa alabhanto ayam'eva coro ima.m maarethaa'ti aanaapesi.

Raajapurisehi ta.m gaa.lha.m bandhitvaa aaghaata.t.thaana.m nette saa itthii ta.m tatha niiyamaana.m disvaa sa~njaanitvaa kampamaana hadayaa muhuttena ra~n~no santika.m gantvaa vanditvaa, "deva eso na coro aagantuko, muccath'eta.m, devaa'ti" 'aaha. Raajaa tassaa katha.m asaddhahanto yajjeta.m mocetum'icchasi tassagghanaka.m dhana.m datvaa mu~ncaapehii'ti.

Saa "saami mama gehe dhana.m n'atthi. Api ca me satta-puttehi saddhi.m ma.m daasi.m karohi. Eta.m mu~nca devaa" ti aaha.

I^I^I. Duggatassa Daana.m: A Pauper's Charity

Ahosi.m duggato pubbe - Baaraa.nasi-puruttame
Daana.m denti naraa tattha - nimantetvaana bhikkhavo

Jiivanto bhatiyaa so'ha.m - daana.m dente mahaajane
Tu.t.thaha.t.the pamudite - eva.m cintes'aha.m tadaa

Samuppa.n.na-vatthaala`nkaaraa - daana.m dentii ime janaa
Parattha'pi paha.t.thaa'va - sampattim'anubhonti te

Buddhu'ppaado aya.m daani - dhammo loke pavattati
Susiilaa'daani vattanti - dakkhi.neyyaa jinorasaa

Ava.t.thito'va sa.msaaro - apaayaa khalu puuritaa
Kalyaa.na-vimukhaa sattaa - kaama.m gacchanti duggati.m

Idaani dukkhito hutvaa - jiivaami kasiren'aha.m
Da.liddo kapa.no diino - appabhogo anaa.liyo

Idaani biija.m ropemi - sukhette saadhu-sammate
App'eva naama ten'aaha.m - parattha sukhito siyaa

Iti cintiya bhikkhitvaa - bhati.m katvaana 'nekadhaa
Ma.n.dapa.m tattha kaaretvaa - nimantetvaana bhikkhavo

Aayaasena adaas 'aha.m - paayaasa.m amataa yaso
Tena kammavipaakena - devaloke manorame

Jaato'mhi dibbakaamehi - modamaano anekadhaa
Diighaayuko va.n.navanto - tejasii'ca ahos'aha.m.

IV. Sumanaadeviyaa Vatthu: Story of Sumanaa Devi

Saavatthiya.m hi devasika.m Anaathapi.n.dikassa gehe dve Bhikkhu-sahassaani bhu~njanti; tathaa Visaakhaaya mahaaupaasikaaya. Saavatthiya~n ca yo yo daana.m daatukaamo hoti so so tesa.m ubhi.nna.m okaasa.m labhitvaa'va karonti. Ki.m kaara.naa? Tumhaaka.m daanagga.m Anaathapi.n.diko vaa Visaakhaa vaa aagataa'ti pucchitvaa n'aagataa'ti vutte satasahassa.m vissajjetvaa katadaanam'pi ki.m daana.m naam'etanti garahanti.

Ubho'pi te Bhikkhusa`nghassa ruci~n ca anucchavikakiccaani ca ativiya jaananti. Tesu vicaarentesu bhikkhuu cittaruupa.m bhu~njanti. Tasmaa sabbe daana.m daatukaamaa te gahetvaa'va gacchanti. Iti te attano ghare bhikkhuu parivisitu.m na labhanti.

Tato Visaakhaa "ko nu kho mama .thaane .thatvaa bhikkhusa`ngha.m parivisissatii" ti upadhaarentii puttassa dhiitara.m disvaa ta.m attano .thaane .thapesi. Saa tassaa nivesane bhikkhusa`ngha.m parivisati. Anaathapi.n.diko'pi Mahaasubhadda.m naama je.t.thadhiitara.m .thapesi. Saa bhikkhuuna.m veyyaavacca.m karontii dhamma.m su.nantii sotaapannaa hutvaa patikula.m agamaasi. Tato Cullasubhadda.m .thapesi. Saa'pi tatth'eva karontii sotaapannaa hutvaa patikula.m gataa. Atha Sumanaadevi.m naama ka.ni.t.thadhiitara.m .thapesi. Saa pana Sakadaagaamiphala.m patvaa kumaarikaa'va hutvaa tathaaruupena aphaasukhena aaturaa aahaarupaccheda.m katvaa pitara.m da.t.thukaamaa hutvaa pakkosaapesi. So ekasmi.m daanagge tassa saasana.m sutvaa'va aagantvaa - "Ki.m amma Sumane'?" ti aaha. Saa'pi na.m aaha - "Ki.m taata ki.ni.t.thabhaatikaa"ti.

"Vippalapasi, amma?"

"Na vippalapaami, ka.ni.t.thabhaatikaa" ti.

"Bhaayasi, ammaa" ti.

"Na bhaayaami, ka.ni.t.thabhaatikaa" ti.

Ettaka.m vatvaa y'eva pana saa kaalamakaasi.

So Sotaapanno'pi samaano se.t.thidhiitari uppannasoka.m adhivaasetu.m asakkonto Dhiitu sariirakicca.m kaaretvaa rodanto Satthusantika.m gantvaa "Ki.m gahapati dukkhii dummano assumukho rudamaano upagato'sii" ti? vutte "Dhiitaa me bhante Sumanaadevi kaalakataa" ti aaha.

"Atha kasmaa socasi? Nanu sabbesa.m eka`nsika.m mara.nanti."

"Jaanaam'eta.m bhante. Evaruupaa pana me hirottappasampannaa dhiitaa saa mara.nakaale sati.m paccupa.t.thaapetu.m asakkontii vippalamaanaa mataa'ti me anappaka.m domanassa.m uppajjati" ti.

"Ki.m pana tayaa kathita.m mahaase.t.thi?"

"Aha.m ta.m bhante 'Amma Sumane' 'ti aamantesi.m. Atha na.m aaha 'Ki.m taata ka.ni.t.thabhaatikaa'ti. Tato 'vippalpasi ammaa' 'ti? 'Na vippalapaamii'ti ka.ni.t.thabhaatikaa' 'ti. 'Bhaayasi ammaa' 'ti? 'Na bhaayaamii'ti ka.ni.t.tabhaatikaa' 'ti. Ettaka.m vatvaa kaalamaakasii" ti.

Atha na.m Bhagavaa aaha. "Na te mahaase.t.thi dhiitaa vippalapii" ti.

"Atha kasmaa evam'aahaa?" ti

Ka.ni.t.thattaa y'eva. Dhiitaa hi te gahapati maggaphalehi tayaa mahallikaa. Tva.m hi Sotaapanno. Dhiitaa pana te Sakadaagaamini. Saa maggaphalehi mahallikattaa evam'aahaa" ti.

"Eva.m bhante!"

"Eva.m gahapati!"

"Idaani kuhi.m nibbattaa, bhante?"

Tusitabhavane gahapatii'ti vutte bhante mama dhiitaa idhaa ~naatakaana.m antare nandamaanaa, vicaritvaa ito gantvaa'pi nandana.t.thaane y'eva nibbattaa."

Atha na.m satthaa "Aama gahapati appamattaa naama gaha.t.thaa vaa pabbajitaa vaa idha loke ca paraloke ca nandanti y'evaa"ti vatvaa ima.m gaatham'aaha.

Idha nandati pecca nandati - katapu~n~no ubhayattha nandati
Pu~n~na.m me katan ti nandati - bhiiyyo nandati suggati.m gato.

V. Selections from Dhammapada

Na hi verena veraani - sammantii'dha kudaacana.m
Averena ca sammanti - esa dhammo sanantano.

Yathaa agaara.m ducchanna.m - vu.t.thi samativijjhati
Eva.m abhaavita.m citta.m - raago samativijjhati.

Yathaa agaara.m succhanna.m - vu.t.thi na samativijjhati
Eva.m subhaavita.m citta.m - raago na samativijjhati.

Idha socati pecca socati - paapakaarii ubhayattha socati
So socati so viha~n~nati - disvaa kamma-kili.t.tha'mattano.

Idha modati pecca modati - katapu~n~no ubhayattha modati
So modati so pamodati - disvaa kamma-visuddhi'mattano.

Idha tappati pecca tappati - paapakaarii ubhayattha tappati
Paapa.m me katan'ti tappati - bhiiyo tappati duggati.m gato.

Idha nandati pecca nandati - katapu~n~no ubhayattha nandati
Pu~n~na.m me katan'ti nandati - bhiiyo nandati suggati.m gato.

Appamaado amatapada.m - pamaado maccuno pada.m
Appamattaa na miiyanti - ye pamattaa yathaa mataa.

Appamaadena maghavaa - devaana.m se.t.thata.m gato
Appamaada.m pasa`nsanti - pamaado garahito sadaa.

Acira.m vata'ya.m kaayo - pa.thavi.m adhisessati
Chuddho apeta-vi~n~naa.no - nirattha.m'va ka.li`ngara.m.

Yathaa'pi bhamaro puppha.m - va.n.nagandha.m ahe.thaya.m
Pa.leti rasa'maadaaya - eva.m gaame munii care.

Na paresa.m vilomaani - na paresa.m kat'aakata.m
Attano'va avekkheyya - kataani akataani ca.

Yathaa'pi puppharaasimhaa - kayiraa maalaagu.ne bahuu
Eva.m jaatena maccena - kattabba.m kusala.m bahu.m.

Madhuu'va ma~n~natii baalo - yaava paapa.m na paccati
Yadaa ca paccati paapa.m - atha baalo dukkha.m nigacchati.

Selo yathaa ekaghano - vaatena na samiirati
Eva.m nindaa-pasa.msaasu - na sami~njanti pa.n.ditaa.

Na attahetu na parassa hetu - na putta'micche na dhana.m na ra.t.tha.m
Na iccheyya adhammena samiddhi'mattano - sa siilavaa pa~n~navaa dhammiko siyaa.

Yo sahassa.m sahassena - sa`ngaame maanuse jine
Eka.m ca jeyya attaana.m - save sa`ngaamaj'uttamo.

Sabbe tasanti da.n.dassa - sabbe bhaayanti maccuno
Attaana.m upama.m katvaa - na ha.neyya na ghaataye.

Sabbe tasanti da.n.dassa - sabbesa.m jiivita.m piya.m
Attaana.m upama.m katvaa na ha.neyya na ghaataye.

Dhamma.m care sucarita.m - na ta.m duccarita.m care
Dhammacaarii sukha.m seti - asmi.m loke paramhi ca.

Kiccho manussa pa.tilaabho - kiccha.m macchaana jiivita.m
Kiccha.m saddhammasava.na.m - kiccho buddhaana.m uppaado.

Sabbapaapassa akara.na.m - kusalassa upasampadaa
Sacitta pariyodapana.m - eta.m Buddhaana saasana.m.

Yo ca Buddha~n ca dhamma~n ca - sa`ngha~n ca sara.na.m gato
Cattaari ariya-saccaani - samma'ppa~n~naaya passati.

Dukkha.m dukkhasamuppaada.m - dukkhassa ca atikkama.m
Ariya~nca.t.tha`ngika.m magga.m - dukkhuupasamagaamina.m.

Eta.m kho sara.na.m khema.m - eta.m sara.na'muttama.m
Eta.m sara.na'maagamma - sabbadukkhaa pamuccati.

Na c'aahu na ca bhavissati - na cetarahi vijjati
Ekanta.m nindito poso - ekanta.m vaa pasa.msito.

Na tena pa.n.dito hoti - yaavataa bahu bhaasati
Khemii avero abhayo - pa.n.dito'ti pavuccati.

Na taavataa dhammadharo - yaavataa bahu bhaasati
Yo ca appam'pi sutvaana - dhamma.m kaayena passati
Save dhammadharo hoti - yo dhamma.m na'ppamajjati.

Akata.m dukkata.m seyyo - pacchaa tapati dukkata.m
Kata~n ca sukata.m seyyo - ya.m katvaa naanutappati.

Sukha.m yaava jaraa siila.m - sukhaa saddhaa pati.t.thitaa
Sukho pa~n~naaya pa.tilaabho - paapaana.m akara.na.m sukha.m.

Sabbadaana.m dhammadaana.m jinaati - sabba.m rasa.m dhammarasa.m jinaati
Sabba.m rati.m dhammarati.m jinaati - ta.nhakkhayo sabba dukkha.m jinaati.

Cakkhunaa sa.mvaro saadhu - saadhu sotena sa.mvaro
Ghaa.nena sa.mvaro saadhu - saadhu jivhaaya sa.mvaro.

Kaayena sa.mvaro saadhu - saadhu vaacaaya sa.mvaro
Manasaa sa.mvaro saadhu - saadhu sabbattha sa.mvaro
Sabbattha sa.mvuto bhikkhu - sabbadukkhaa pamuccati.

Dhammaaraamo dhammarato - dhamma.m anuvicintaya.m
Dhamma.m anussara.m bhikkhu - saddhammaa na parihaayati.

Yassa kaayena vaacaaya - manasaa n'atthi dukkata.m
Sa.mvuta.m tiihi .thaanehi - tam'aha.m bruumi braahma.na.m.

VI.

Mano pubba`ngamaa dhammaa - mano se.t.thaa manomayaa
Manasaa ce padu.t.thena - bhaasati vaa karoti vaa
Tato na.m dukkham'anveti - cakka.m'va vahato pada.m.

Mano pubba`ngamaa dhammaa - manose.t.thaa manomayaa
Manasaa ce pasannena - bhaasati vaa karoti vaa
Tato na.m sukham'anveti - chaayaa'va anapaayinii.

In prose form:-
Dhammaa mano pubba`ngamaa (honti), mano se.t.thaa (honti), manomayaa (honti), (Yo) ce padu.t.thena manasaa bhaasati vaa karoti vaa, tato dukkha.m na.m anveti cakka.m vahato pada.m iva.

Dhammaa mano pubba`ngamaa (honti), mano se.t.thaa (honti), manomayaa (honti), (Yo) ce pasannena manasaa bhaasati vaa karoti vaa, tato sukha.m na.m anveti anapaayinii chaayaa iva.

Dhammaa-dhara, to hold or support. suffix mma. states or conditions.

Pubba`ngamaa - pubba + .m + gamaa = going before.

Manose.t.thaa - mana + se.t.tha. - When words of the mano group are compounded with another word, the final vowel is changed into 'o'.

Manomayaa - This is a Nominal Derivative (Taddihita) formed from mana and suffix 'maya' which means made of.

Padu.t.thena - pa + dusa, to defile, pollute. This is the Perfect Participle of 'padusa'. Here the suffix 'ta' is changed into '.t.tha'. Comp. di.t.tha from disa, to see; na.t.tha from nasa, to perish; da.t.tha from da`nsa, to sting; i.t.tha from isu, to wish.

Bhaasati - Present tense of bhaasa, to speak.

Karoti - Present tense of kara, to do.

Anveti - anu + eti The present tense of 'i'', to go. Here 'u' is changed into 'v'.

Cakka.m'va - Cakka.m + iva, This is a Sandhi formed by dropping the following vowel.

Vahato - The Genitive case of 'vahanta', from 'vaha', to carry.

Pasannena - The Perfect Participle of 'pa', + 'sada', to be pleased. Here the suffix 'ta' is changed into 'nna'. Comp. 'bhinna', from bhidi, to break; chinna from chidi, to cut; channa from chada, to cover.

Anapaayinii - Na + apaayinii. Here na is changed into 'an'. Apaayinii is formed from apa + aya, to go.