An Elementary Paa.li Course

Lesson XV

A. Demonstrative Pronouns

ima (pron.) this
SINGULAR
	m.	n.	f.
Nominative	aya.m	ida.m, ima.m	aya.m
Accusative	ima.m	ida.m, ima.m	ima.m
Instrumental	iminaa, anena		imaaya
Ablative	imamhaa, imasmaa, asmaa		imaaya
Dative, Genitive	imassa, assa		imissaa, imaaya, assaa, assaaya
Locative	imamhi, imasmi.m, asmi.m		imissa.m, imaaya.m, assa.m
PLURAL
	m.	n.	f.
Nominative, Accusative	ime	ime, imaani	imaa, imaayo
Instrumental, Ablative	imebhi, imehi, ebhi, ehi		imaabhi, imaahi
Dative, Genitive	imesa.m, imesaana.m, esa.m, esaana.m		imaasa.m, imaasaana.m
Locative	imesu, esu		imaasu

amu (pron.) this, that, such
SINGULAR
	m.	n.	f.
Nominative	asu, amuko	adu.m	asu, amu
Accusative	amu.m	adu.m	amu.m
Instrumental	amunaa		amuyaa
Ablative	amumhaa, amusmaa		amuyaa
Dative, Genitive	amuno, amussa		amussaa, amuyaa
Locative	amumhi, amusmi.m		amussa.m, amuya.m
PLURAL
	m.	n.	f.
Nominative, Accusative	amuu	amuyo	amuu, amuuni
Instrumental, Ablative	amuubhi, amuuhi
Dative, Genitive	amuusa.m, amuusaana.m
Locative	amuusu

B. Adjectives

In Paa.li, adjectives are inflectional and they agree with the substantives they qualify in gender, number and case. Generally they are placed before the noun.

Adjectives ending in a are declined in the masculine, feminine, and neuter like nara, ka~n~naa, and phala respectively. Sometimes in the feminine they are declined like naarii.

Some adjectives may be formed by adding vantu to nouns ending in a and aa, and mantu to nouns ending in i and u.

Examples:
bala + vantu = balavantu, powerful
bandhu + mantu = bandhumantu, having relatives
dhiti + mantu = dhitimantu, courageous
gu.na + vantu = gu.navantu, virtuous

These adjectives are declined like pacanta with the exception of the Nominative singular; e.g.,

SINGULAR	PLURAL
bandhumaa	bandhumanto, bandhumantaa
dhitimaa	dhitimanto, dhitimantaa
gu.navaa	gu.navanto, gu.navantaa

Words:
antima (adj.)	last
arahanta (p.p.)	araha (used as noun & adjective) exalted, worthy, sanctified
aasana (n.)	seat
Bhagavantu (adj.)	blessed (used as an epithet of the Buddha, the Blessed One.)
diigha (adj.)	long
ka.nha (adj.)	black
khuddaka (adj.)	small
mahanta (adj.)	big
majjhima (adj.)	middle
namo (indec.)	honour, homage, praise, salutation
niica (adj.)	mean, low
niila (adj.)	blue
pa.tipadaa (f.)	course, path, practice, conduct
piita (adj.)	yellow
ratta (adj.)	red
Sammaa-sambuddha (m.)	Fully Enlightened One
seta (adj.)	white
siita (adj.)	cold, cool
sukhita (adj.)	happy, healthy
taru.na (adj.)	young
ucca (adj.)	high
u.nha (adj.)	hot

Exercise 15-A

Translate into English.

1. Kim'ida.m?
2. Kassa imaani?
3. Iminaa te ki.m payojana.m?
4. Ida.m mayha.m hotu.
5. Ko naama aya.m puriso?
6. Aya.m me maatulaanii hoti.
7. Ida.m mayaa kattabba.m.
8. Sabba.m ida.m asukena kata.m.
9. Aya.m saami ca.n.do na hoti.
10. Aya.m me antimaa jaati.
11. Aya.m seto asso khippa.m na dhaavati.
12. Gu.navantehi ime gilaanaa sa`nga.nhitabbaa.
13. "Yathaa ida.m tathaa eta.m - yathaa eta.m tathaa ida.m."
14. "Ida.m vo ~naatiina.m hotu - sukhitaa hontu ~naatayo!"
15. "Tva.m etasmi.m pabbate vasa, aha.m imasmi.m pabbate vasissaami."
16. "Namo tassa Bhagavato, arahato sammaa-sambuddhassa."
17. Asmi.m loke ca paramhi ca gu.navantaa sukhena vasanti.
18. Asukaaya naama visikhaaya asukasmi.m ghare aya.m taru.no vejjo vasati.
19. Imehi pupphehi Buddha.m puujetha.
20. Maya.m imasmi.m aaraame mahantaani rukkhaani passaama.
21. Imassa gilaanassa u.nha.m udaka.m daatabba.m.
22. Janako ucce aasane nisiidi, putto niice aasane nisiidi.
23. Imesu pupphesu setaani ca rattaani ca piitaani ca pupphaani gahetvaa gacchaahi.
24. Imaani khuddakaani phalaani maya.m na ki.naama.
25. Iminaa diighena maggena ete gamissanti.

Exercise 15-B

Translate into Paa.li.

1. Who is this boy?
2. This is my book.
3. Who are these men?
4. He is living in this house.
5. This was done by me.
6. There is such a young doctor in this street.
7. Cold water should not be drunk by the sick.
8. He is the last boy in the school.
9. Did you see him sitting on this high seat?
10. Take these long sticks and throw into the fire.
11. May all these beings be happy!
12. I like to mount this white horse.
13. Bring those small books and give to these boys.
14. You should wash your face with this hot water.
15. These Exalted Ones understood the middle Path of the Buddha.
16. This Doctrine was preached by the Blessed One.
17. We shall go by this long way.
18. There are tall, big trees in this forest.
19. I shall take these white flowers; you may take those red flowers.
20. These are small ships.
21. Young men and women should always associate with the virtuous.
22. This city is protected by a powerful king.
23. The courageous do not run away through fear.
24. Little children are playing with these little dogs.
25. May the Blessed One preach the Doctrine to these monks and nuns!

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Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa.
Buddha sāsana.m cira.m ti.t.thatu.


	tipitaka network ... his life, his acts, his words sabbe satta bhavantu sukhi-tatta