An
Elementary Paa.li Course
Lesson
IV
A. Declension of Nouns Ending in a
(continued)
| nara |
| |
SINGULAR |
PLURAL |
| Locative |
nare, naramhi,
narasmi.m
in or upon a man |
naresu
in or upon men |
| Vocative |
nara, naraa
O man! |
naraa
O men! |
| |
|
|
| Terminations |
|
SINGULAR |
PLURAL |
| Locative |
e, mhi,
smi.m |
esu |
| Vocative |
a, aa |
aa |
| Masculine
Substantives: |
| aakaasa |
sky |
| ma~nca |
bed |
| canda |
moon |
| saku.na |
bird |
| kassaka |
farmer |
| samudda |
sea, ocean |
| maccha |
fish |
| suriya |
sun |
| magga |
way, road |
| vaa.nija |
merchant |
| maggika |
traveller |
| loka |
world, mankind |
B. Conjugation of Verbs
Present Tense - Active Voice
|
1st Person |
2nd Person |
3rd Person |
| paca
(v.) to cook |
| SINGULAR |
pacati |
pacasi |
pacaami |
| PLURAL |
pacanti |
pacatha |
pacaama |
| |
|
|
|
| su
(v.) to hear |
| SINGULAR |
su.naati |
su.naasi |
su.naami |
| PLURAL |
su.nanti |
su.naatha |
su.naama |
| |
|
|
|
| disa
(v.) to preach |
| SINGULAR |
deseti |
desesi |
desemi |
| PLURAL |
desenti |
desetha |
desema |
| Verbs: |
| kii.lati |
(kii.la) |
plays |
| uppajjati |
(pada with u) |
is born |
| passati1 |
(disa) |
sees |
| vasati |
(vasa) |
dwells |
| supati |
(supa) |
sleeps |
| vicarati |
(cara with vi) |
wanders, goes about |
1. passa is a substitute for disa.
| Some
Indeclinables: |
| ajja |
today |
na |
no, not |
| aama |
yes |
puna |
again |
| api |
also, too |
sabbadaa |
everyday |
| ca |
also, and |
sadaa |
always |
| idaani |
now |
saddhi.m2 |
with |
| idha |
here |
|
|
| kadaa |
when |
|
|
| kasmaa |
why |
|
|
| kuhi.m |
where |
|
|
| kuto |
whence |
|
|
2. saddhi.m is used with the Instrumental and is placed after the noun; as
narena
saddhi.m - with a man.
| Illustrations: |
| 1. |
Ma~nce
(loc. s.) |
supati. |
|
on the bed |
he sleeps |
| 2. |
Naraa |
gaamesu (loc. pl.) |
vasanti. |
|
men |
in the villages |
live |
| 3. |
Daaraka (voc. s.) |
kuhi.m tva.m gacchasi? |
|
child, |
where are you going? |
| 4. |
Janaka, |
aha.m na gacchaami. |
|
father, |
I am not going. |
Exercise 4-A
Translate into English.
1. Saku.naa rukkhesu vasanti.
2. Kassako ma~nce supati.
3. Maya.m magge na kii.laama.
4. Naraa loke uppajjanti.
5. Maggika, kuhi.m tva.m gacchasi?
6. Aama sadaa te na
ugga.nhanti.
7. Macchaa ta.laake
kii.lanti.
8. Kuto tva.m aagacchasi?
Janaka aha.m idaani aaraamasmaa aagacchaami.
9. Kassakaa sabbadaa
gaamesu na vasanti.
10. Kasmaa tumhe ma~ncesu na supatha?
11. Maya.m sama.nehi saddhi.m aaraame vasaama.
12. Macchaa ta.laakesu ca
samuddesu ca uppajjanti.
13. Aha.m aakaase suriya.m
passaami, na ca canda.m.
14. Ajja vaa.nijo aapa.ne vasati.
15. Kasmaa tumhe daarakehi
saddhi.m magge kii.latha?
16. Aama, idaani so* 'pi gacchati, aham** 'pi gacchaami.
17. Maggikaa maggesu vicaranti.
18. Kassakaa, kadaa tumhe
puna idha aagacchatha?
19. Aacariya, sabbadaa
maya.m Buddha.m vandaama.
20. Vaa.nijaa maggikehi
saddhi.m rathehi gaamesu vicaranti.
* so + api = so
'pi.
** The vowel following a Niggahita (.m) is often dropped,
and the Niggahita is changed into the nasal of the group
consonant that immediately follows; e.g., aha.m + api =
aham 'pi.
Exercise 4-B
Translate into Paa.li.
1. He is playing on the road.
2. The farmers live in the villages.
3. I do not see birds in the sky.
4. The Buddhas are not born in the world everyday.
5. Travellers, from where are you coming now?
6. We see fishes in the ponds.
7. O farmers, when do you come here again?
8. The travellers are wondering in the world.
9. We do not see the sun and the moon in the sky now.
10. Why do not ascetics live always in the mountains?
11. Yes, father, we are not playing in the garden today.
12. Why do not the sick sleep on beds?
13. O merchants, where are you always wandering?
14. Children, you are always playing with the dogs in the tank.
15. Teachers and pupils are living in the monastery now.
16. Yes, they are also going.
|
|
