An Elementary Paa.li Course
Lesson V
Full
Declension of Nouns Ending in a
| nara
(m.) man |
| |
SINGULAR |
PLURAL |
| Nominative |
naro
a man |
naraa
men |
| Vocative |
nara, naraa
O man! |
naraa
O men! |
| Accussative |
nara.m
a man |
nare
men |
| Instrumental |
narena
by or with a man |
narebhi,
narehi
by or with men |
| Ablative |
naraa,
naramhaa, narasmaa
from a man |
narebhi,
narehi
from men |
| Dative |
naraaya,
narassa
to or for a man |
naraana.m
to or for men |
| Genitive |
narassa
of a man |
naraana.m
of men |
| Locative |
nare, naramhi,
narasmi.m
in or upon a man |
naresu
in or upon men |
| |
| phala
(n.1) fruit |
|
SINGULAR |
PLURAL |
| Nominative |
phala.m |
phalaa,
phalaani |
| Vocative |
phala,
phalaa |
phalaa,
phalaani |
| Accussative |
phala.m |
phale,
phalaani |
| (The
rest like the masculine) |
1. Neuter gender.
The
Cases in Paa.li
| Pa.thamaa (1st) |
Nominative |
| Aalapana |
Vocative |
| Dutiyaa (2nd) |
Accusative |
| Tatiyaa (3rd) |
Auxiliary2 |
| Kara.na |
Instrumental2 |
| Catutthi (4th) |
Dative |
| Pa~ncamii
(5th) |
Ablative |
| Cha.t.thi (6th) |
Genitive |
| Sattamii (7th) |
Locative |
2. As Tatiyaa (Auxiliary) and Kara.na
(Instrumental) have the same terminations, only the Instrumental
case is given in the declensions.
Terminations
|
SINGULAR |
PLURAL |
|
m. |
n. |
m. |
n. |
| Nominative |
o |
.m |
aa |
aa, ni |
| Vocative |
--, aa |
aa |
aa, ni |
| Accusative |
.m |
e |
e, ni |
| Auxiliary |
ena |
ebhi, ehi |
| Instrumental |
ena |
ebhi, ehi |
| Dative |
aaya, ssa |
na.m |
| Ablative |
aa, mhaa,
smaa |
ebhi, ehi |
| Genitive |
ssa |
na.m |
| Locative |
e, mhi,
smi.m |
esu |
The vowels preceding ni, bhi,
hi, na.m
and su are always long.
| Neuter
Substantives: |
| biija |
seed, germ |
| bha.nda |
goods, article |
| ghara |
home, house |
| khetta |
field |
| lekhana |
letter |
| mitta |
(m. n.) friend |
| mukha |
face, mouth |
| nagara |
city |
| paada |
(m. n.) foot |
| pii.tha |
chair, bench |
| potthaka |
book |
| puppha |
flower |
| udaka |
water |
| vattha |
cloth, raiment |
| Verbs: |
| bhu~njati |
(bhuja) |
eats, partakes |
| khaadati |
(khaada) |
eats, chews |
| likhati |
(likha) |
writes |
| nisiidati |
(sada with ni) |
sits |
| puujeti |
(puuja) |
offers |
| vapati |
(vapa) |
sows |
Exercise 5-A
Translate into English.
1. Saku.naa phalaani
khaadanti.
2. Maya.m pii.thesu nisiidaama, ma~ncesu
supaama.
3. Naraa aapa.nehi bha.ndaani ki.nanti
4. Phalaani rukkhehi patanti.
5. Kassakaa khettesu biijaani vapanti.
6. Sabbadaa maya.m udakena paade ca mukha~n* ca dhovaama.
7. Sissaa aacariyaana.m lekhanaani likhanti.
8. Idaani aha.m mittehi saddhi.m ghare vasaami.
9. Daaso ta.laakasmi.m vatthaani dhovati.
10. So pupphehi Buddha.m puujeti.
11. Kasmaa tva.m aahaara.m na bhu~njasi?
12. Ajja sissaa aacariyehi potthakaani ugga.nhanti.
13. Maggikaa mittehi saddhi.m nagaraa nagara.m vicaranti.
14. Aha.m sabbadaa aaraamasmaa pupphaani aaharaami.
15. Maya.m nagare gharaani passaama.
16. Kassakaa nagare ta.laakasmaa udaka.m aaharanti.
17. Daarakaa janakassa pii.thasmi.m na
nisiidanti.
18. Mitta.m aacariyassa potthaka.m puujeti.
19. Tumhe naraana.m vatthaani ca bha.ndaani ca
vikki.naatha.
20. Aacariyassa aaraame sama.naa aadarena
naraana.m Buddhassa Dhamma.m desenti.
* mukha.m + ca = mukha~n ca
Exercise 5-B
Translate into Paa.li.
1. I am writing a letter to (my) friend.
2. We eat fruits.
3. We offer flowers to the Buddha everyday.
4. He is not going home now.
5. You are sowing seeds in the field today.
6. The sons are washing the father's feet with water.
7. They are partaking food with the friends in the house.
8. Children's friends are sitting on the benches.
9. Are you writing letters to the teachers today?
10. I am sending books home through the servant.
11. I see fruits on the trees in the garden.
12. The birds eat the seeds in the field.
13. Friends are not going away from the city today.
14. We are coming from home on foot*.
15. From where do you buy goods now?
16. Men in the city are giving clothes and medicine to the sick.
* Use the Instrumental.
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