An Elementary Paa.li Course

Lesson XVII

A. Some Irregular Nouns Ending in a

atta¹ (m.) soul, self
	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Nominative	attaa	attaano
Vocative	atta, attaa	attaano
Accusative	attaana.m, atta.m	attaano
Instrumental	attena, attanaa	attanebhi, attanehi
Ablative	attanaa, attamhaa, attasmaa	attanebhi, attanehi
Dative, Genitive	attano	attaana.m
Locative	attani	attanesu
1. This noun is sometimes used in the sense of a reflexive pronoun.
raaja (m.) king
	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Nominative	raajaa	raajaano
Vocative	raaja, raajaa	raajaano
Accusative	raajaana.m, raaja.m	raajaano
Instrumental	ra~n~naa, raajena	raajuubhi, raajuuhi, raajebhi, raajehi
Ablative	ra~n~naa, raajamhaa, raajasmaa	raajuubhi, raajuuhi, raajebhi, raajehi
Dative, Genitive	ra~n~no, raajino	ra~n~na.m, raajuuna.m, raajaana.m
Locative	ra~n~ne, raajini, raajamhi, raajasmi.m	raajusu, raajuusu, raajesu

B. Conjugations

In Paa.li there are seven conjugations. They differ according to their respective conjugational signs (Vikara.na) which are added on to the roots before the terminations.

There is no definite rule to indicate to which class of conjugation the roots belong.

The conjugations are as follows:

Class		Conjugation sign	Present tense 3rd person
1st	paca (v.) to cook	a	pac + a + ti = pacati
	bhuu (v.) to be		bhuu + a + ti = bhav + a + ti = bhavati
2nd	rudhi (v.) to hinder	.m ... a	ru-.m-dh + a + ti = rundhati
	bhuja (v.) to eat		bhu-~n-ja + a + ti = bhu~njati
(In this conjugation too the conjugational sign is a, but .m is argumented before the final consonant of the root and is afterwards changed into the nasal of the group-consonant that follows. This rule applies only to the active voice.)
3rd	diip (v.) to shine	ya	diip + ya + ti = dippati
	haa (v.) to abandon		haa + ya + ti = haayati
4th	su (v.) to hear	.nu, .naa, u.naa	su + .naa + ti = su.naati [also: su + .nu + ti = su.noti]
	pa + apa (v.) to arrive		pa + apa + u.naa + ti = paapu.naati
5th	ji (v.) to conquer	naa²	ji + naa + ti = jinaati
6th	tanu (v.) to spread	o, yira	tanu + o + ti = tanoti
	kara (v.) to do		kara + o + ti = karoti [also: kara + yira + ti = kayirati]
7th	cura (v.) to steal	e, aya	cura + e + ti = coreti [also: cura + aya + ti = corayati]

2. In the conjugation of the root ki, to buy, which belongs to this class, naa is changed into .naa; e.g. ki + .naa + ti = ki.naati.

The initial vowel in this class, not followed by a double consonant, undergoes vuddhi substitute, i.e., a, i and u become aa, e and o respectively.

Words:
amacca (m.)	minister
attha (m.)	matter, good, welfare, meaning
hi (indec.)	indeed
naatha (m.)	lord, refuge
paasaada (m.)	palace
ra.t.tha (n.)	country, kingdom, realm
sa`nkilissati (kilisa with sa.m)	is defiled
siyaa (v.)	[3rd pers. singular subjunctive of asa] to be
ti (indec.)	thus. This particle is used in quoting the words of others, at the end of sentences, etc.
viha~n~nati (hana with vi)	perishes
visujjhati (sudha with vi)	is purified

Exercise 17-A

Translate into English.

1. "Aya.m me attano attho."
2. "Na me so attaa."
3. "Bhagavato eta.m* attha.m aaroceyyaama."
4. "Dhamma.m cara raaja!"
5. "Attaa hi attano naatho - Ko hi naatho paro siyaa."
6. "Attaana.m rakkhanto para.m rakkhati. Para.m rakkhanto attaana.m rakkhati."
7. Atiite pana amhaaka.m ra.t.the gu.navaa raajaa ahosi.
8. Ra~n~naa likhitam* ida.m lekhana.m amaccaa passantu!
9. Paapakehi amaccehi ra~n~no ko attho?
10. Amhaaka.m raajaana.m passitu.m puratthimaaya disaaya dve raajaano aagataa.
11. Raajaa attano mahesiyaa saddhi.m paasaade vasati.
12. Catuuhi disaahi cattaaro raajaano aagantvaa Bhagavanta.m vanditvaa etam'attha.m pucchi.msu.
13. "Puttaa m'atthi dhana.m m'atthi - Iti baalo viha~n~nati
Attaa hi attano n'atthi - Kuto puttaa kuto dhana.m."
14. "Attanaa'va kata.m paapa.m - attanaa sa`nkilissati
Attanaa akata.m paapa.m - attanaa'va visujjhati."

*.m is changed into m.

Exercise 17-B

Translate into Paa.li.

1. l am my own master.
2. He advised himself.
3. These presents were sent by the king.
4. Good or evil is done by oneself.
5. The ministers taking their own sons went to the palace to see the king.
6. It is not good for kings to get angry with the people.
7. Virtuous kings are always respected by all.
8. He does not know his own good.
9. Righteous kings do not wish to associate with wicked kings.
10. By wisdom is one purified.
11. Ministers obtain wealth by means of kings.
12. He for his own good associates with kings and ministers.
13. Some kings perish on account of their greediness towards the countries of others.
14. The ministers told that matter to the king.
15. He does not shine like a king.

Contents

* Suggested Solutions

Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa.
Buddha sāsana.m cira.m ti.t.thatu.


	tipitaka network ... his life, his acts, his words sabbe satta bhavantu sukhi-tatta