An Elementary Pali Course

Lesson XIX

A. Declension of go

go (m.) bull
	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Nominative, Vocative	go	gaavo, gavo
Accusative	gaavu.m, gava.m, gaava.m	gaavo, gavo
Instrumental	gaavena, gavena	gobhi, gohi
Ablative	gaavaa, gavaa, gaavamhaa, gavamhaa, gaavasmaa, gavasmaa	gobhi, gohi
Dative, Genitive	gaavassa, gavassa	gava.m, gunna.m, gona.m
Locative	gaave, gave, gaavamhi, gavamhi, gaavasmi.m, gavasmi.m	gosu
mana (n.) mind
	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Nominative	mana.m	manaa, manaani
Vocative	mana, manaa	manaani
Accusative	mana.m	mane, manaani
Instrumental	mansaa, manena	manebhi, manehi
Ablative	manasaa, manaa, manamhaa, manasmaa	manebhi, manehi
Dative, Genitive	manaso, manassa	manaana.m
Locative	manasi, mane, manamhi, manasmi.m	manesu

The following nouns are declined like mana:
aha, day
aya, iron
ceta, mind
chanda, wish, consent, metre
oja, essence
paaya, water, milk
raja, dust
sara, lake
sira, head
tama, darkness
tapa, asceticism, control
teja, majesty
ura, shoulder
vaca, word
vaya, age
yasa, glory

B. Perfect Tense (Hiiyattanii)

Terminations
	SINGULAR	PLURAL
3rd person	aa	uu
2nd person	o	ttha
1st person	a	mhaa
paca
	SINGULAR	PLURAL
3rd person	apacaa	apacuu
2nd person	apaco	apacattha
1st person	apaca, apaca.m	apacamhaa

In this tense, as in the first past tense (Ajjatanii), a is prefixed to the root. Sometimes an additional .m is found in the 1st person.

As a rule the Ajjatanii is more commonly used than the Hiiyattanii to express the past. It will be safer for the students to adopt the former¹.

1. See lesson VII.

Exercise 19-A

Translate into English.

1. "Etad* avoca satthaa."
2. "Bhagavaa etam'aaha."
3. "Idam'avoca Bhagavaa."
4. "Aacariyaa evam'aaha."
5. "Attha.m hi naatho sara.na.m avoca."
6. "Satthaa ta.m itthi.m aaha - 'etissaa tava putta.m dehii'ti."
7. Eko go tamasi khetta.m agamaa.
8. Vayasaa aha.m pa~nca viisati vassaani.
9. "Manasaa sa.mvaro saadhu."
10. "Ta.m saadhuka.m su.naahi, manasi karohi."
11. Amhaaka.m sattuno paade maya.m sirasaa avandamhaa.
12. Tava vacasaa vaa manasaa vaa maa ki~n ci paapaka.m kamma.m karohi.
13. Aya.m naavaa ayasaa kataa.
14. Satta ahaani maya.m ki~nci'pi aahaara.m na abhu~njamhaa.
15. Mayha.m bhaataa gona.m ti.na.m adaa.

*Eta.m + avoca = Etad avoca.

Exercise 19-B

Translate into Paa.li.

1. There is no dust in this street.
2. The consent of the sick monks should be taken.
3. Fathers carry their sons on their shoulders.
4. My father is 45 years of age.
5. The World was in darkness for four days.
6. We should purify our own mind.
7. A fruit from the tree fell on my head.
8. The farmers caused their sons to give grass to the cattle and went to the city.
9. People reverence him on account of his asceticism.
10. In glory may you shine like the moon.
11. The king by his majesty conquered all the people.
12. They have no anger in their minds.
13. The cattle do not drink the water of this lake.
14. There is no essence in this milk.

Contents

* Suggested Solutions

Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa.
Buddha sāsana.m cira.m ti.t.thatu.


	tipitaka network ... his life, his acts, his words sabbe satta bhavantu sukhi-tatta