An Elementary Pali Course Lesson XV

Exercise 15-A: Translate into English.

1. Kim'ida.m?
what / this
What (is) this?

2. Kassa imaani?
whose / these
Whose (are) these?

3. Iminaa te ki.m payojana.m?
with this / to you / what / use
Of what use is this to you?

4. Ida.m mayha.m hotu.
this / mine / is!
May this be mine. (Imperative)

5. Ko naama aya.m puriso?
who / by name / this man
Who (is) this man?

6. Aya.m me maatulaanii hoti.
this / my / aunt / is
This is my aunt.

7. Ida.m mayaa kattabba.m.
this / by me / should be done
This should be done by me.

8. Sabba.m ida.m asukena kata.m.
all / this / by such and such / was done
All this was done by such and such.

9. Aya.m saamii ca.n.do na hoti.
this / husband / fierce / is not
This husband is not fierce.

10. Aya.m me antimaa jaati.
this / my / last / birth
This (is) my last birth.

11. Aya.m seto asso khippa.m na dhaavati.
this / white / horse / quickly / does not run
This white horse does not run quickly.

12. Gu.navantehi ime gilaanaa sa`nga.nhitabbaa.
by virtuous ones / these / sick people / should be treated
These sick people should be treated by the virtuous ones.

13. "Yathaa ida.m tathaa eta.m - yathaa eta.m tathaa ida.m."*
as / this / thus / that / as / that / thus / this
"As this is, so is that; as that is, so is this."
Alt: "Such as this is, so, too, is that; such as that is, so, too, is this."

14. "Ida.m vo ñaatina.m hotu - sukhitaa hontu ñaatayo!"
this / your / for relatives / is! - happy / are! / relatives
May this be for your relatives - may (your) relatives be happy.

15. "Tva.m etasmi.m pabbate vasa, aha.m imasmi.m pabbate vasissaami."
you / in that / in mountain / live! / I / in this / in mountain / will live
"You live in that mountain, I will live in this mountain."

16. "Namo tassa Bhagavato, arahato sammaa-sambuddhassa."
homage / to him / to the Blessed One / to the exalted / to the Fully Enlightened One
"Homage to Him, the Blessed One, the exalted and Fully Enlightened One."

17. Asmi.m loke ca paramhi ca gu.navantaa sukhena vasanti.
in this / in world / and / in the other / and / virtuous ones / happily / live
In this and the other world, virtuous people live happily.

18. Asukaaya naama visikhaaya asukasmi.m ghare aya.m taru.no vejjo vasati.
by such and such / by name / in street / in such and such / in house / this / young / doctor / lives
This young doctor lives in such and such a house in the street by such and such name.

19. Imehi pupphehi Buddha.m puujetha.
with these / with flowers / to Buddha / make an offering!
Make an offering to the Buddha with these flowers.

20. Maya.m imasmi.m aaraame mahantaani rukkhaani passaama.
we / in this / in park / big / trees / see
We see the big trees in this park.

21. Imassa gilaanassa u.nha.m udaka.m daatabba.m.
to this / to sick person / hot / water / must be given
Hot water must be given to this sick person.

22. Janako ucce aasane nisiidi, putto niice aasane nisiidi.
father / on high / on seat / sat / son / on low / on seat / sat
The father sat on the high seat, the son sat on the low seat.

23. Imesu pupphesu setaani ca rattaani ca piitaani ca pupphaani gahetvaa gacchaahi.
among these / among flowers / white and / red and / yellow and / flowers / having taken / go
Take the white, red and yellow flowers among these flowers, and go.

24. Imaani khuddakaani phalaani maya.m na ki.naama.
these / small / fruits / we / do not buy
We do not buy these small fruits.

25. Iminaa diighena maggena ete gamissanti.
by this / by long / by road / these / will go
These will go by this long road.

*This is the idappaccayataa formula.

Exercise 15-B: Translate into Pali.

1. Who is this boy?
ko / (naama) / aya.m / daarako
Ko naama aya.m daarako?
Alt: Ko eso daarako?

2. This is my book.
ida.m / hoti / me / potthaka.m
Ida.m me potthaka.m hoti.

3. Who are these men?
ke / (naama) / ime / naraa
Ke naama ime naraa?

4. He is living in this house.
so / vasati / imasmi.m / ghare
So imasmi.m ghare vasati.

5. This was done by me.
ida.m / kata.m / me
Ida.m me kata.m.*

6. There is such a young doctor in this street.
atthi** / asuko / taru.no / vejjo / asmi.m / visikhaaya.m
Atthi asuko taru.no vejjo asmi.m visikhaaya.m.

7. Cold water should not be drunk by the sick.
siita.m / udaka.m / na paatabba.m / gilaanehi
Siita.m udaka.m gilaanehi na paatabba.m.

8. He is the last boy in the school.
so / hoti / antimo / daarako / paa.thasalaaya.m
So paa.thasalaaya.m antimo daarako hoti.

9. Did you see him sitting on this high seat?
tva.m / passo/addasaa / ta.m / nisiidanta.m / imasmi.m / uccasmi.m / aasanasmi.m / (nanu)
Nanu (tva.m) imasmi.m uccasmi.m aasanasmi.m nisiidanta.m ta.m passo/addasaa?

10. Take these long sticks and throw into the fire.
gahetvaa / ime / diighe / da.n.de / khipaahi / aggimhi
Ime diighe da.n.de gahetvaa aggimhi khipaahi.

11. May all these beings be happy!
sabbaani / imaani / bhuutaani / hontu / sukhitaani
Sabbaani imaani bhuutaani sukhitaani hontu.

12. I'd like to mount this white horse.
aha.m / icchaami / aaruhitu.m / ida.m / seta.m / assa.m
Aha.m ida.m seta.m assa.m aaruhitu.m icchaami.

13. Bring those small books and give to these boys.
aaharitvaa / taani / khuddakaani / potthakaani / desi / tesaana.m / daarakaana.m
Taani khuddakaani potthakaani aaharitvaa tesaana.m daarakaana.m desi.

14. You should wash your face with this hot water.
tva.m / dhoveyyaasi / te / mukha.m / iminaa / u.nhena / udakena
(Tva.m) iminaa u.nhena udakena (te) mukha.m dhoveyyaasi.

15. These Exalted Ones understood the Middle Path of the Buddha.
ime / arahantaa / bujjhi.msu / majjhimaa / pa.tipadaa / Buddhassa
Ime arahantaa Buddhassa majjhimaa pa.tipadaa bujjhi.msu.

16. This Doctrine was preached by the Blessed One.
aya.m / Dhammo / desito / Bhagavataa
Aya.m Dhammo Bhagavataa desito.

17. We shall go by this long way.
maya.m / gamissaama / iminaa / diighena / maggena
Maya.m iminaa diighena maggena gamissaama.

18. There are tall, big trees in this forest.
atthi / uccaa / mahantaa / rukkhaa / imasmi.m / a.taviya.m
Atthi imasmi.m a.taviya.m uccaa mahantaa rukkhaa.

19. I shall take these white flowers; you may take those red flowers.
aha.m / ga.nhissaami / imaani / setaani / pupphaani / tva.m / ga.nhaahi / taani / rattaani / pupphaani
Aha.m imaani setaani pupphaani ga.nhissaami; tva.m taani rattaani pupphaani ga.nhaahi.

20. These are small ships.
imaani / honti / khuddakaayo / naavaayo
Imaani khuddakaayo naavaayo honti.

21. Young men and women should associate with the virtuous.
taru.nehi / narehi ca / (taru.niihi) / nariihi ca / bhajittabbaa / gu.navantaa
Taru.nehi narehi ca taru.niihi nariihi ca gu.navantaa bhajittabbaa.

22. This city is protected by a powerful king.
ida.m / nagara.m / rakkhita.m / balavantena / narapatinaa
Ida.m nagara.m balavantena narapatinaa rakkhita.m.

23. The courageous do not run away through fear.
dhitimantaa / na dhaavanti / bhayena
Dhitimantaa bhayena na dhaavanti.

24. Little children are playing with these dogs.
taru.naa / daarakaa / kii.lanti / imehi / sunakhehi
Taru.naa daarakaa imehi sunakhehi kii.lanti.

25. May the Blessed One preach the Doctrine to these monks and nuns!
Bhagavaa / desetu / Dhamma.m / amuusaana.m / bhikkhuuna.m ca / bhikkhuniina.m ca
Bhagavaa amuusaana.m bhikkhuuna.m ca bhikkhuniina.m ca Dhamma.m desetu.

* See also Ex.14B-1.

** 'atthi' is more for "existential" uses, i.e., something exists, as in the sentence above, whereas 'hoti' is "copulative", i.e. equating something with something else, e.g. taru.no vejjo braahma.no hoti - the young doctor is a Brahmin.