An Elementary Pali Course Lesson XXIII

Exercise 23-A: Translate into English.

1. "Ki.m dado balado hoti - ki.m dado hoti va.n.nado?
what / giver / giver of strength / what / giver / is / giver of beauty
"What giver is a giver of strength, what giver is a giver of beauty?

Ki.m dado sukhado hoti - ki.m dado hoti cakkhudo?"
what / giver / giver of ease / is / what / giver / is / giver of vision
What giver is a giver of ease, what giver is a giver of vision?"

balada [Vr] / va.n.nada [Vr] / sukhada [Vr] / cakkhuda [Vr]

2. "Annado balado hoti - vatthado hoti va.n.nado.
a giver of food / a giver of strength / is / a giver of clothes / is / a giver of beauty
A giver of food is a giver of strength, a giver of clothes is a giver of beauty.
Alt: Who gives food gives strength; who gives clothing, gives beauty.

Yaanado sukhado hoti - diipado hoti cakkhudo."
a giver of vehicle / a giver of ease / is / a giver of lamp / is / a giver of vision
A giver of vehicle is a giver of ease, a giver of light is a giver of vision.
Alt: Who provides vehicle provides ease; who gives light, gives vision.

annada [Vr] / balada [Vr] / vatthada [Vr] / va.n.nada [Vr] / yaanada [Vr] / sukhada [Vr] / diipada [Vr] / cakkhuda [Vr]

3. Maggo atthi maggiko n'atthi, gamana.m atthi gamako n'atthi, kamma.m atthi kaarako n'atthi.
path / is / traveller / is not / going / is / goer / is not / deed / is / doer / is not
There is a path but not a traveller, there is a journey but not a voyager, there is a deed but not a doer.

maggika [Nr] / gamana [Vr] / gamaka [Vr] / kaaraka [Vr]

4. "Dhammapiiti sukha.m seti*."
he who drinks the Dhamma / is at ease
He who rejoices in the Dhamma is at ease.

dhammapiiti [Vr]

5. "Dhammacaarii sukha.m seti* - asmi.m loke paramhi ca."
he who acts righteously / is happy / in this / in world / in other / and
The Dhammafarer lives happily, in this world and the next.

dhammacaarii [Vr]

6. "Sabbapaapassa akara.na.m."
of all evil / not doing
"Not doing of all evil."
Alt: "Not to do any evil."

sabbapaapa [K] / akara.na [K] / kara.na [Vr]

7. "Paapaana.m akara.na.m sukha.m."
evil / not doing / happiness
"Not doing evil (is) happiness."
Alt: "(It is) happy not to do evil."**

akara.na [K] / kara.na [Vr]

8. "Sabbadaana.m dhammadaana.m jinaati,
all gifts / gift of truth / surpasses
"The gift of truth surpasses all gifts.***

Sabba.m rasa.m dhammarasa.m jinaati,
all / taste(s) / taste of truth / surpasses
The taste of truth surpasses all flavours.

Sabba.m rati.m dhammarati.m jinaati,
all / attachment(s) / rejoice of truth / surpasses
The rejoice of truth surpasses all attachments.

Ta.nhakkhayo sabbadukkha.m janaati."
one who has destroyed craving / all suffering(s) / overcomes
He who has destroyed craving overcomes all sufferings."

sabbadaana.m [K] / dhammadaana.m [K] / dhammarasa.m [K] / dhammarati.m [K] / ta.nhakkhayo [T] / sabbadukkha.m [K]

9. Yo saavako kaayena vaa vaacaaya vaa cetasaa vaa ki~nci'pi paapa.m kamma.m na karoti so hoti Dhammadharo, Dhammavaadii.
who / disciple / with body or / with speech or / with mind or / any-at all / evil / deed / does not do / he / is / one versed in the Dhamma / one who is in the habit of expounding the Dhamma
The disciple who does not do any evil deed at all, either by deed, word or thought, he is versed in the Dhamma, he is in the habit of expounding the Dhamma.

dhammadhara [Vr] / dhammavaadii [Vr]

10. Tava thutiyaa me payojana.m n'atthi.
your / of praise / to me / use / there is not
Your praise is of no use to me.
Alt: There is no use of your praise to me.

thuti [Vr]

11. Saccavaadino sadaa puujaniiyaa honti.
truthful ones / always / worthy of offering / are
The truthful ones are always worthy of offering.

saccavaadii [Vr] / puujaniiya [Vr]

12. Sampattivipattiisu akampanacitto hohi.
amidst prosperity and misfortune / unshaken in mind / be
Amidst prosperity and misfortune, be unshaken in mind.

sampattivipatti [K] / pattivipatti [D] / vipatti [K] / akampanacitta [K] / kampanacitta [K] / kampana [Vr]

13. Saadhusiilii saavakaa dhammasavanatthaaya gantukaamaa nagarato**** nikkhami.msu.
good-natured / disciples / for the purpose of hearing the Dhamma / wishing to go / city / left
Wishing to go to hear the Dhamma, the good-natured disciples left the city. 

saadhusiilii [Vr] / dhammasavanattha [Nr] / dhammasavana [T] / gantukaamaa [Vr]

14. Bhaasanadaarakaa pa.n.ditehi gaarayhaa honti.
garrulous children / by wise men / blamable / are
Talkative children are blamable by wise men.

bhaasanadaaraka [K] / bhaasana [Vr] / gaarayhaa [Vr]

* See PED seti & sayati.
** See Lesson XXIV.
*** See Ex. 20-A/1.
**** 'to' is another suffix for forming the ablative, see also Ex.20-A/15.

[A]vyayiibhaava
[B]ahubbiihi
[D]vanda
[K]ammadhaaraya {[n]umerical}
[N]ominal De[r]ivative
[T]appurisa
[V]erbal De[r]ivative
[V]erbal Pre[f]ix

Exercise 23-B: Translate into Pali.

1. By the destruction of lust, hatred and ignorance one obtains deliverance.
raaga-dosa-mohakkhayena / so / labhanti / mutti.m
Raaga-dosa-mohakkhayena mutti.m labhanti.

2. This potter is making iron vessels.
aya.m / kumbhakhaaro / karoti / ayomayagha.te
Aya.m kumbhakhaaro ayomayagha.te karoti.

3. Evil-doers and well-doers should be known by their actions.
paapakaarino ca / pu~n~nakaarino ca / ~naatabbaa / (tesa.m) / kammehi
Paapakaarino ca pu~n~nakaarino ca kammehi ~naatabbaa.

4. The expounders of the Doctrine should be revered by all.
dhammavaadino / puujetabbaa / sabbehi
Dhammavaadino sabbehi puujetabbaa.

5. Of what use is his praise to the disciples.
ki.m / payojana.m / tassa / va.n.nena / saavakaana.m
Tassa va.n.nena saavakaana.m ki.m payojana.m?

6. I do not know his going or coming.
aha.m / na jaanaami / tassa / gamanaagamana.m
Aha.m tassa gamanaagamana.m na jaanaami.

7. There is medicine for bodily diseases but not for mental diseases.
atthi / osadha.m / kaayarogassa / na ca / maanasikarogassa
Osadha.m kaayarogassa na ca maanasikarogassa atthi.

8. The coach-builder wishing to make a chariot felled* the tallest tree in his garden.
rathakaaro / kattukaamo / ratha.m / paatesi / ucci.t.tharukkha.m / (tassa) / aaraame
Ratha.m kattukaamo rathakaaro aaraame ucci.t.tharukkha.m paatesi.

9. Who knows that our death will come tomorrow?
ko / jaanaati / amhaaka.m / maccu / aagamissati / suve
Ko jaanaati 'suve amhaaka.m maccu aagamissatii'ti?

10. By his gait I know that he is a good-natured person.
(tassa) / gatiyaa / aha.m / jaanaami / so / hoti / saadhusaalii
Gatiyaa aha.m 'so saadhusaalii hotii'ti jaanaami.

11. The speech of truthful persons should be heard.
vaado / saccavaadino / su.neyya
Saccavaadino vaado su.neyya.

12. This garland-maker is not an evil-doer.
aya.m / maalaakaaro / na hoti / paapakaarii
Aya.m maalaakaaro paapakaarii na hoti.

13. No evil action should be done in thought, word, or deed by expounders of Truth.
paapakamma.m / na kareyya / cetasaa vaa / vaacaaya vaa / kaayena vaa / Dhammavaadiibhi
Paapakamma.m Dhammavaadiibhi kaayena vaa vaacaaya vaa cetasaa vaa na kareyya.

14. The supporters wishing to go to hear the Doctrine approached the disciples who were revered by them.
daayakaa / gantukaamaa / dhammasava.natthaaya / upasa`nkami.msu / saavake / puujita / tehi
Daayakaa dhammasava.natthaaya gantukaamaa tehi puujita-saavake upasa`nkami.msu.

* Use the causal of 'pata', to fall (paatesi).