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Paali Primer
Preface
Contents
Introduction
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
Lesson 8
Lesson 9
Lesson 10
Lesson 11
Lesson 12
Lesson 13
Lesson 14
Lesson 15
Lesson 16
Lesson 17
Lesson 18
Lesson 19
Lesson 20
Lesson 21
Lesson 22
Lesson 23
Lesson 24
Lesson 25
Lesson 26
Lesson 27
Lesson 28
Lesson 29
Lesson 30
Lesson 31
Lesson 32
For free distribution, as a gift of Dhamma.

Paali Primer

Lesson 1

1. Vocabulary

Masculine nouns ending in -a

Verbs

2. Declension of masculine nouns ending in -a

Nominative case: The case ending -o is added to the nominal base to form the nominative case singular number. The case ending -aa is added to the nominal base to form the nominative case plural number. A noun thus inflected is used as the subject of a sentence.

Singular

  1. nara + o = naro
  2. maatula + o = maatulo
  3. kassaka + o = kassako

Plural

  1. nara + aa = naraa
  2. maatula + aa = maatulaa
  3. kassaka + aa = kassakaa

3. Conjugation of verbs

In the verbs listed above bhaasa, paca, kasa etc. are verbal bases and -ti is the present tense, third person, singular termination.

The present tense, third person, plural is formed by adding the termination -nti to the base.

Singular

  1. bhaasati - He speaks
  2. pacati - He cooks
  3. kasati - He ploughs

Plural

  1. bhaasanti - They speak
  2. pacanti - They cook
  3. kasanti - They plough

4. Examples in sentence formation

Singular

  1. Naro bhaasati - The man speaks.
  2. Maatulo pacati - The uncle cooks.
  3. Kassako kasati - The farmer ploughs.

Plural

  1. Naraa bhaasanti - Men speak.
  2. Maatulaa pacanti - Uncles cook.
  3. Kassakaa kasanti - Farmers plough.

Exercise 1

Translate into English

  1. Bhuupaalo bhu~njati.
  2. Puttaa sayanti.
  3. Vaa.nijaa sayanti.
  4. Buddho passati.
  5. Kumaaro dhaavati.
  6. Maatulo kasati.
  7. Braahma.naa bhaasanti.
  8. Mittaa gacchanti.
  9. Kassakaa pacanti.
  10. Manusso chindati.
  11. Purisaa dhaavanti.
  12. Sahaayako bhu~njati.
  13. Tathaagato bhaasati.
  14. Naro pacati.
  15. Sahaayaa kasanti.
  16. Sugato aagacchati.

Translate into Paali

  1. Sons run.
  2. The uncle sees.
  3. The Buddha comes.
  4. Boys eat.
  5. Merchants go.
  6. The man sleeps.
  7. Kings go.
  8. The brahmin cuts.
  9. Friends speak.
  10. The farmer ploughs.
  11. The merchant comes.
  12. Sons cut.
  13. Uncles speak.
  14. The boy runs.
  15. The friend speaks.
  16. The Buddha sees.