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Paali Primer
Preface
Contents
Introduction
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
Lesson 8
Lesson 9
Lesson 10
Lesson 11
Lesson 12
Lesson 13
Lesson 14
Lesson 15
Lesson 16
Lesson 17
Lesson 18
Lesson 19
Lesson 20
Lesson 21
Lesson 22
Lesson 23
Lesson 24
Lesson 25
Lesson 26
Lesson 27
Lesson 28
Lesson 29
Lesson 30
Lesson 31
Lesson 32
For free distribution, as a gift of Dhamma.

Paali Primer

Lesson 11

1. Vocabulary

Neuter nouns ending in -a

Verbs

2. The Present Participle

Present participles are formed by adding -nta/maana to the verbal base. They function as adjectives and agree in gender, number and case with the nouns they qualify. They are declined like -a ending nouns in the masculine and neuter. (As the feminine gender has not been introduced so far, the feminine gender of the present participle will be explained in Lesson 21).

3. Examples in sentence formation

Singular

  1. Bhatta.m pacanto/pacamaano puriso hasati. (Nom. case)
    The man who is cooking rice laughs.
  2. Vejjo bhatta.m pacanta.m/pacamaana.m purisa.m pakkosati. (Acc. case)
    The doctor calls the man who is cooking rice.
  3. Vejjo bhatta.m pacantena/pacamaanena purisena saha bhaasati. (Inst.case)
    The doctor speaks with the man who is cooking rice.

Plural

  1. Bhatta.m pacantaa/pacamaanaa purisaa hasanti. (Nom. case)
    The men who are cooking rice laugh.
  2. Vejjo bhatta.m pacante/pacamaane purise pakkosati. (Acc. case)
    The doctor calls the men who are cooking rice.
  3. Vejjo bhatta.m pacantehi/pacamaanehi purisehi saha bhaasati. (Inst.case)
    The doctor speaks with the men who are cooking rice.

Similarly, the present participle can be declined in all cases to agree with the nouns they qualify.

Exercise 11

Translate into English

  1. Paaniiya.m yaacitvaa rodanto daarako ma~ncamhaa patati.
  2. Vatthaani labhitu.m icchanto vaa.nijo aapa.na.m gacchati.
  3. Upaasako padumaani aadaaya vihaara.m gacchamaano Buddha.m disvaa pasiidati.
  4. Saku.no tu.n.dena phala.m haranto rukkhasmaa uppatati.
  5. Ciivara.m pariyesantassa sama.nassa aacariyo ciivara.m dadaati.
  6. Ara~n~ne aahi.n.danto luddako dhaavanta.m miga.m passitvaa sarena vijjhati.
  7. Uyyaane aahi.n.damaanamhaa kumaaramhaa braahma.no padumaani yaacati.
  8. Rathena gacchamaanehi amaccehi saha aacariyo hasati.
  9. Daana.m dadaamaanaa siilaani rakkhamaanaa manussaa sagge uppajjanti.
  10. Dha~n~na.m aaka`nkhantassa purisassa dhana.m daatu.m vaa.nijo icchati.
  11. Go.ne hanantaa rukkhe chindantaa asappurisaa dhana.m sa.mharitu.m ussahanti.
  12. Vihaara.m upasa`nkamanto Buddho dhamma.m bhaasamaane saavake passati.
  13. Rukkhamuule nisiiditvaa giitaani gaayantaa kumaaraa naccitu.m aarabhanti.
  14. Suva.n.na.m labhitu.m ussahantaa manussaa pabbatasmi.m aavaa.te kha.nanti.
  15. Udaka.m paatu.m icchanto siiho udaka.m pariyesamaano vanamhi carati.
  16. Vetana.m labhitu.m aaka`nkhamaano naro rajakaaya dussaani dhovati.
  17. Sama.nehi bhaasantaa upaasakaa sacca.m adhigantu.m ussahanti.
  18. Magge sayanta.m sunakha.m udakena si~ncitvaa daarako hasati.
  19. Siila.m rakkhantaa sappurisaa manussalokaa cavitvaa devaloke uppajjanti.
  20. Dhana.m sa.mharitu.m ussahanto vaa.nijo samudda.m taritvaa diipa.m gantu.m aarabhati.
  21. Go.ne pariyesamaano vane aahi.n.danto kassako siiha.m disvaa bhaayati.
  22. Rukkhesu nisiiditvaa phalaani bhu~njamaanaa kumaaraa giita.m gaayanti.
  23. Citta.m pasiiditvaa dhamma.m adhigantu.m ussahantaa naraa sagge uppajjanti.
  24. Tu.n.dena pi.takamhaa maccha.m aaka.d.dhitu.m icchanto kaako sunakhamhaa bhaayati.
  25. Khetta.m kasitvaa biijaani vapanto kassako dha~n~na.m labhitu.m aaka`nkhati.
  26. Suriyassa aalokena locanehi ruupaani passantaa manussaa loke jiivanti.
  27. Rukkhamuule nisiiditvaa ciivara.m sibbantena sama.nena saddhi.m upaasako bhaasati.
  28. Rukkhamuule sayantassa yaacakassa kaaye pa.n.naani patanti.
  29. Vaa.nijassa muula.m datvaa asse labhitu.m amacco ussahati.
  30. Khiira.m pivitvaa hasamaano daarako patta.m ma~ncasmi.m khipati.

Translate into Paali

  1. The man washing clothes speaks with the boy going on the road.
  2. The brahmin sees the deer coming out of the forest to drink water.
  3. Goats in the park eat leaves falling from the trees.
  4. Wicked men wish to see hunters killing deer.
  5. The farmer sees birds eating seeds in his field.
  6. Recluses who enter the city wish to worship the Buddha dwelling in the monastery.
  7. Standing on the stairway the child sees monkeys sitting on the tree.
  8. Boys give rice to fish moving in the water.
  9. The sailor wishing to cross the sea asks for money from the king.
  10. Men see with their eyes the light of the moon falling on the sea.
  11. Lay devotees try to give robes to monks living in the monastery.
  12. Wishing for merit virtuous men give alms to the monks and observe (rakkhanti) the precepts.
  13. The man walks on the leaves falling from the trees in the forest.
  14. The uncle gives a lotus to the child searching for flowers.
  15. Having given the beggar some corn the fisherman enters the house.
  16. The minister gives seeds to the farmers who plough their fields.
  17. The dog tries to bite the hand of the man who strokes his body.
  18. The Buddha's disciples question the child crying on the road.
  19. The uncle's friend calls the boys singing songs seated under the tree.
  20. Virtuous men give food to the monks who approach their houses.
  21. Wise men who wish to be born in heaven practise (rakkhanti) virtue.
  22. Seeing the jackal approaching the village the farmer tries to hit it with a stone.
  23. Speaking the truth lay devotees try to understand the doctrine.
  24. Having washed the bowl with water the hermit looks for drinking water.
  25. Wise men who observe the precepts begin to understand the truth.