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- Pali Primer
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Paali Primer
Lesson 8
1. Declension of masculine nouns ending in -a (contd.)
Vocative case: The uninflected nominal base is used as the vocative singular.
The case ending -aa is added to form the vocative plural.
Singular
- nara (O man)
- maatula (O uncle)
- kassaka (O farmer)
Plural
- nara + aa = naraa (O men)
- maatula + aa = maatulaa (O uncles)
- kassaka + aa = kassakaa (O farmers)
2. The full paradigm of the declension of masculine nouns ending in -a
nara = man |
|
Singular |
Plural |
Nom. |
naro |
naraa |
Acc. |
nara.m |
nare |
Ins. |
narena |
narehi (narebhi) |
Abl. |
naraa, naramhaa, narasmaa |
narehi (narebhi) |
Dat. |
naraaya, narassa |
naraana.m |
Gen. |
narassa |
naraana.m |
Loc. |
nare, naramhi, narasmi.m |
naresu |
Voc. |
nara |
naraa |
3. Declension of neuter nouns ending in -a
phala = fruit |
|
Singular |
Plural |
Nom. |
phala.m |
phalaa, phalaani |
Acc. |
phala.m |
phale, phalaani |
Voc. |
phala |
phalaani |
The rest is similar to the declension of masculine nouns ending in -a.
4. Vocabulary
Neuter nouns ending in -a
- nayana/locana - eye
- udaka/jala - water
- ara~n~na/vana - forest
- puppha/kusuma - flower
- geha/ghara - house
- aasana - seat
- pa.n.na - leaf
- ti.na - grass
- khiira - milk
- nagara - city, town
- uyyaana - park
- khetta - field
- bha.n.da - goods
- siila - virtue, precept
- daana - alms, charity
- ruupa - object
- dvaara - door
- vattha - cloth
Verbs
- vivarati - opens
- naccati -
dances
- nikkhipati - puts
- u.t.thahati - gets up
- phusati - touches
- anusaasati -
instructs
- ovadati - advises
- sa.mharati - collects
- aasi~ncati - sprinkles
- akkosati - scolds
- bhindati - breaks
- pibati/pivati - drinks
Exercise 8
Translate into English
- Upaasako pupphaani aaharati.
- Ara~n~ne migaa vasanti,
rukkhesu makka.taa caranti.
- Go.naa ti.na.m khaadanti.
- Manussaa nayanehi passanti.
- Sama.no vihaarasmi.m aasane nisiidati.
- Rukkhamhaa pa.n.naani patanti.
- Vaa.nijaa gaamamhaa khiira.m nagara.m haranti.
- Bhuupaalo
kumaarena saddhi.m uyyaane carati.
- Kassako khettamhi kuddaalena aavaa.te kha.nati.
- Maatulo puttassa bha.n.daani dadaati.
- Upaasakaa sama.naana.m
daana.m dadanti, siilaani rakkhanti.
- Daarakaa mittehi saddhi.m udakasmi.m kii.lanti.
- Kassakaa vaa.nijehi vatthaani labhanti.
- Kumaaro uyyaanamhaa
maatulassa kusumaani aaharati.
- Braahma.nassa ajaa go.nehi saha vane
aahi.n.danti, ti.naani khaadanti.
- Siiho vanasmi.m rukkhamuule (at the foot
of a tree) nisiidati.
- Rajakaa udakena aasanaani dhovanti.
- Amacco duutena
saddhi.m rathena ara~n~na.m pavisati.
- Yaacakassa putto udakena pa.n.naani dhovati.
- Vaa.nijaa bha.n.daani nagaramhaa gaama.m aaharanti.
- Tathaagatassa saavakaa asappurisaana.m putte anusaasanti.
- Upaasakaa udakena
pupphaani aasi~ncanti.
- Kumaaro patta.m bhindati, maatulo akkosati.
- Luddakassa putto migassa kaaya.m hatthena phusati.
- Go.no khette
paasaa.namhaa u.t.thahati.
- Rajakassa putto saa.take ma~ncasmi.m nikkhipati.
- Sugatassa saavako vihaarassa dvaara.m vivarati.
- Vejjassa daarakaa gehe naccanti.
- Pa.n.dito asappurisa.m ovadati.
- Coro aacariyassa saka.ta.m
pabbatasmi.m pajahati.
Translate into Paali
- Children play in the water
with the dog.
- The wicked man breaks leaves from the tree.
- Kings go in
vehicles to the park with their ministers.
- Merchants set out from the city
with goods.
- Virtuous men give alms to monks.
- Disciples of the Buddha
assemble in the park with lay devotees.
- The thief gets down from the tree in
the forest.
- Wicked men hit the monkeys on the trees with stones.
- The doctor's horse eats grass with the ox on the road.
- Jackals live in forests,
dogs live in villages.
- Brahmins sit on seats in the house of the wise man.
- The sailor opens the doors of his house.
- The sons of fishermen dance
with friends in the park.
- The merchant puts fish in baskets.
- The world
gets light from the sun.
- Sailors get up from their seats.
- The doctor's
friend touches the body of the dog with his foot.
- The Buddha instructs his
disciples in the monastery.
- Boys collect flowers from the park, lay devotees
sprinkle them with water.
- The parrot flies into the sky from the house of
the sailor.
- The thief cuts a tree with a saw, the farmer scolds (him).
- The wise man advises the merchant, the merchant is pleased with the wise man.
- The king's messenger comes out of the sea with the sailor.
- Merchants
bring clothes for farmers from the city.
- Gods protect virtuous men. Good men
protect virtues.
- Men see objects with their eyes with (the help of) the
light of the sun.
- Leaves from the trees fall on the road.
- Lay devotees
place flowers on altars (pupphaasana).
- Goats drink water from pits in the
field.
- The lions get up from the rock at the foot of the tree (rukkhamuula).