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Paali Primer
Preface
Contents
Introduction
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
Lesson 8
Lesson 9
Lesson 10
Lesson 11
Lesson 12
Lesson 13
Lesson 14
Lesson 15
Lesson 16
Lesson 17
Lesson 18
Lesson 19
Lesson 20
Lesson 21
Lesson 22
Lesson 23
Lesson 24
Lesson 25
Lesson 26
Lesson 27
Lesson 28
Lesson 29
Lesson 30
Lesson 31
Lesson 32
For free distribution, as a gift of Dhamma.

Paali Primer

Lesson 28

1. Declension of masculine nouns ending in -u/-ar

Some masculine nouns have two bases ending in -u and -ar. They express the agent or a relationship.

satthu/satthar = teacher (lit., he who admonishes)
  Singular Plural
Nom. satthaa satthaaro
Voc. satthaa, sattha satthaaro
Acc. satthaara.m satthaaro
Ins. satthaaraa satthaarehi, satthuuhi
Abl. satthaaraa satthaarehi, satthuuhi
Dat. satthu, satthuno, satthussa satthaaraana.m, satthuuna.m
Gen. satthu, satthuno, satthussa satthaaraana.m, satthuuna.m
Loc. satthari satthaaresu, satthuusu

2. Masculine nouns ending in -u/-ar

Some words similarly declined are as follows:

N.B. Though bhattu and nattu are nouns expressing relationships they are declined like agent nouns such as satthaa, as in Sanskrit.

3. Masculine nouns expressing relationships

Masculine nouns expressing relationships such as pitu (father), and bhaatu (brother) are declined somewhat differently as follows:

pitu/pitar = father
bhaatu/bhaatar = brother
  Singular Plural
Nom. pitaa bhaataa pitaro bhaataro
Voc. pitaa, pita bhaataa, bhaata pitaro bhaataro
Acc. pitara.m bhaatara.m pitaro bhaataro
Ins. pitaraa bhaataraa pitarehi, pituuhi bhaatarehi, bhaatuuhi
Abl. pitaraa bhaataraa pitarehi, pituuhi bhaatarehi, bhaatuuhi
Dat. pitu, pituno, pitussa bhaatu, bhaatuno, bhaatussa pitaraana.m, pituuna.m bhaataraana.m, bhaatuuna.m
Gen. pitu, pituno, pitussa bhaatu, bhaatuno, bhaatussa pitaraana.m, pituuna.m bhaataraana.m, bhaatuuna.m
Loc. pitari bhaatari pitaresu, pituusu bhaataresu, bhaatuusu

4. Feminine nouns expressing relationships

Feminine nouns expressing relationships are declined as follows:

maatu/maatar = mother
  Singular Plural
Nom. maataa maataro
Voc. maataa, maata, maate maataro
Acc. maatara.m maataro
Ins. maataraa, maatuyaa maatarehi, maatuuhi
Abl. maataraa, maatuyaa maatarehi, maatuuhi
Dat. maatu, maatuyaa, maataaya maataraana.m, maatuuna.m, maataana.m
Gen. maatu, maatuyaa, maataaya maataraana.m, maatuuna.m, maataana.m
Loc. maatari, maatuyaa, maatuya.m maataresu, maatuusu

Dhiitu (daughter) and duhitu (daughter) are similarly declined.

Exercise 28

Translate into English

  1. Satthaa bhikkhuuna.m dhamma.m desento rukkhassa chaayaaya nisinno hoti.
  2. Pu~n~naani kattaaro bhikkhuuna.m ca taapasaana.m ca daana.m denti.
  3. Sace satthaa dhamma.m deseyya vi~n~naataaro bhavissanti.
  4. Bhuupati diipasmi.m jetaa bhavatu.
  5. Pitaa dhiitara.m aadaaya vihaara.m gantvaa satthaara.m vandaapesi.
  6. Vi~n~naataaro loke manussaana.m netaaro hontu/bhavantu.
  7. Bhaataa pitaraa saddhi.m maatuyaa pacita.m yaagu.m bhu~nji.
  8. Bhattaa nattaarehi saha kii.lanta.m kapi.m disvaa hasanto a.t.thaasi (stood).
  9. Setu.m kattaaro ve.lavo bandhitvaa nadiyaa tiire .thapesu.m.
  10. Sindhu.m taritvaa diipa.m gantaaro sattuuhi hataa honti.
  11. Bhariyaa bhattu saa.take rajakena dhovaapesi.
  12. Netuno katha.m sotaaro uyyaane nisinnaa suriyena pii.litaa honti.
  13. Daataarehi dinnaani vatthaani yaacakehi na vikki.nitabbaani honti.
  14. Rodantassa nattussa kujjhitvaa vanitaa ta.m (him) hatthena pahari.
  15. Vinetuno ovaada.m (advice) sutvaa bandhavo sappurisaa abhavi.msu/ahesu.m.
  16. Gehesu ca a.taviisu ca vasante aakhavo ahayo khaadanti.
  17. Nattaa maatara.m yaagu.m yaacanto bhuumiya.m patitvaa rodati.
  18. Tumhe bhaataraana.m ca bhaginiina.m ca maa kujjhatha.
  19. Diipa.m gantaarehi naavaaya sindhu taritabbo hoti.
  20. Pubbakaa (ancient) isayo mantaana.m (magic spells) kattaaro ca mantaana.m pavattaaro (reciters) ca abhavi.msu/ahesu.m.
  21. Matta~n~nuu daataa nattaaraana.m thoka.m thoka.m modake (sweets) dadi.msu/ada.msu.
  22. Attha~n~nuu netaaro manusse sappurise karontaa vinetaaro bhavanti.
  23. Maataa dhiitara.m ovadantii siisa.m (head) cumbitvaa (kissed) baahu.m aamasitvaa samassaasesi.
  24. Vada~n~nuu braahma.no khudaaya pii.lente yaacake disvaa pahuuta.m (much) bhojana.m (food) daapesi.
  25. Saarathinaa aaha.te ve.lavo gahetvaa va.d.dhakii saala.m maapesi.

Translate into Paali

  1. Father and mother went with the brother to see the sister.
  2. Evil doers will not live long happily.
  3. May the king, together with his retinue, become victorious.
  4. Mother's brother is the uncle.
  5. The enemies of my brothers tied banners on trees and bamboos.
  6. The house builder gave bamboos to the grandsons.
  7. Brother gave food to (my) daughter with a spoon.
  8. The Buddha is the teacher of gods and men.
  9. May you (pl.) be speakers of the truth.
  10. Good husbands are kind (kaaru.nikaa) to their wives like gods.
  11. Let good men become powerful ministers to govern the island.
  12. The powerful kings were victorious.