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Paali Primer
Preface
Contents
Introduction
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
Lesson 8
Lesson 9
Lesson 10
Lesson 11
Lesson 12
Lesson 13
Lesson 14
Lesson 15
Lesson 16
Lesson 17
Lesson 18
Lesson 19
Lesson 20
Lesson 21
Lesson 22
Lesson 23
Lesson 24
Lesson 25
Lesson 26
Lesson 27
Lesson 28
Lesson 29
Lesson 30
Lesson 31
Lesson 32
For free distribution, as a gift of Dhamma.

Paali Primer

Lesson 22

1. The Future Passive Participle

The future passive participle or the potential participle as it is sometimes called, is formed by adding -tabba/-aniiya to the base of the verb; -tabba is mostly added with the connecting vowel -i-. These participles are declined like a-ending nouns in the masculine and neuter genders, and like aa-ending nouns in the feminine. They express ideas such as 'must,' 'should be' and 'fit to be.'

2. Examples in sentence formation

  1. Ammaa pacitabbam/pacaniiya.m ta.n.dula.m (raw rice) pi.take .thapesi.
    The mother kept the (raw) rice which is to be cooked in the basket.
  2. Daarikaaya bhu~njitabba.m/bhojaniiya.m odana.m aha.m na bhu~njissaami.
    I will not eat the rice which should be eaten by the girl.
  3. Kassakena kaatabba.m/kara.niiya.m kamma.m kaatu.m tva.m icchasi.
    You wish to do the work that should be done by the farmer.

Exercise 22

Translate into English

  1. Upaasakehi sama.naa vanditabbaa honti.
  2. Ma~njuusaaya.m nikkhipitabba.m suva.n.na.m maa ma~ncasmi.m .thapehi.
  3. Sappurisaa puujaniiye puujenti, asappurisaa tathaa (likewise) na karonti.
  4. Bhuupaalena rakkhitabba.m diipa.m amaccaa na sammaa (well) paalenti.
  5. Manussehi dhammo ugga.nhitabbo, sacca.m adhigantabba.m hoti.
  6. Kumaariihi aaha.taani pupphaani udakena aasi~ncitabbaani honti.
  7. Corena gahita.m bhaginiyaa dhana.m pariyesitabba.m hoti.
  8. Uyyaane ropitaa rukkhaa na chinditabbaa honti.
  9. Dhotabbaani dussaani gahetvaa yuvatiyo hasamaanaa pokkhara.ni.m otari.msu.
  10. Sama.nehi ovaditabbaa kumaaraa vihaaram na gami.msu.
  11. Kassakena kasitabba.m khetta.m vikki.nitu.m vaa.nijo ussahi.
  12. Aapa.nesu .thapitaani vikki.nitabbaani bha.n.daani ki.nitu.m te na icchi.msu.
  13. Ammaa khaadaniiyaani ca bhojaniiyaani ca pa.tiyaadetvaa daarakaana.m deti.
  14. Manussehi daanaani daatabbaani, siilaani rakkhitabbaani, pu~n~naani kaatabbaani.
  15. Go.naana.m daatabbaani ti.naani kassako khettamhaa aahari.
  16. Migaa paaniiya.m udaka.m pariyesantaa a.taviya.m aahi.n.di.msu.
  17. Darikaaya daatu.m phalaani aapa.naaya vaa (or) khettamhaa vaa aaharitabbaani honti.
  18. Kathetabba.m vaa akathetabba.m* vaa ajaananto asappuriso maa sabhaaya.m nisiidatu.
  19. Tumhe bhuupaalaa amaccehi ca pa.n.ditehi ca sama.nehi ca anusaasitabbaa hotha.
  20. Upaasakena pu.t.tho pa~nho pa.n.ditena vyaakaatabbo hoti.
  21. Bhuupaalassa uyyaane vasantaa migaa ca sakunaa ca luddakehi na hantabbaa honti.
  22. Kusala.m ajaanitvaa paapa.m karontaa kumaaraa na akkositabbaa, te sama.nehi ca pa.n.ditehi ca sappurisehi ca anusaasitabbaa.
  23. Asappurisaa parivajjetabbaa, maa tumhe tehi saddhi.m (with them) gaame aahi.n.datha.
  24. Suraa na paatabbaa, sace piveyyaatha tumhe gilaanaa bhavissatha.
  25. Dhammena jiivantaa manussaa devehi rakkhitabbaa honti.

* akathetabba.m: a- here is a negative prefix.

Translate into Paali

  1. At night people should light lamps.
  2. The merchant brought horses to be sold to the farmers.
  3. Objects should be seen with eyes, tastes (rasaani) should be enjoyed with the tongue.
  4. The dog should not be hit with sticks and stones.
  5. People in the island should be protected by the king and his ministers.
  6. Flowers should not be picked by men walking in the park.
  7. The corn should be measured by the farmer with his wife.
  8. Men should not do evil.
  9. Grass and water should be given to oxen and goats.
  10. The assembly should be addressed by the teacher's sister.
  11. The lions sleeping in the caves should not be approached by men.
  12. The mother's clothes should be washed by the girl.