Paali Primer

Lesson 23

1. The Causative

Causative verbs are formed by adding -e/-aya/-aape/-aapaya to the root or verbal base. Sometimes the vowel in the root is strengthened when the suffixes are added. Verbal bases ending in -e/-aya invariably take the suffixes -ape/-aapaya to form the causative.

pacati - paaceti/paacayati/pacaapeti/paacaapayati
bhu~njati - bhojeti/bhojaapeti
coreti - coraapeti/coraapayati
kinaati - ki.naapeti/ki.naapayati
karoti - kaareti/kaaraapayati
dadaati/deti - daapeti/daapayati

In sentences with causative verbs the agent carrying out the action is expressed by the accusative or the instrumental case.

2. Examples in sentence formation

Ammaa bhagini.m bhatta.m pacaapeti.
Mother gets the sister to cook rice.
Bhuupaalo sama.ne ca yaacake ca bhojaapesi.
The king fed the recluses and beggars.
Coro mittena kakaca.m coraapetvaa vana.m dhaavi.
The thief ran having got a friend to steal a saw.
Vejjo puttena aapa.namhaa khiira.m ki.naapesi.
The doctor got his son to buy milk from the market.
Upaasakaa amaccena sama.naana.m vihaara.m kaaraapesu.m.
Lay devotees got the minister to build a monastery for the monks.
Yuvati bhaginiyaa aacariyassa muula.m daapetvaa sippa.m ugga.nhi.
The maiden got the sister to give money to the teacher and learnt an art.
Braahma.no cora.m/corena sacca.m bhaasaapetu.m vaayami.
The brahmin tried to make the thief speak the truth.

Exercise 23

Translate into English

Ammaa sama.nehi asappurise putte anusaasaapesi.
Tumhe manusse pii.lente core aamantaapetvaa ovadatha.
Vaa.nijo kassakena rukkhe chindaapetvaa/chedaapetvaa saka.tena nagara.m netvaa vikki.ni.
Sama.no upaasake sannipaataapetvaa dhamma.m desesi.
Maatulo kumaarehi pupphaani ca phalaani ca ocinaapesi.
Daarikaa sunakha.m pokkhara.ni.m otaraapesi.
Amacco vaa.nije ca kassake ca pakkosaapetvaa pucchissati.
Ka~n~naahi aaha.taani pupphaani vanitaayo aasi~ncaapesu.m.
Bhaariyaaya kaatabba.m kamma.m aha.m karomi.
Luddako mittena miga.m vijjhitvaa maaraapesi.
Braahma.no aacaariyena kumaari.m dhamma.m ugga.nhaapesi.
Ammaa daarika.m khiira.m paayetvaa ma~nce sayaapesi.
Vaa.nijaa assehi bha.n.daani gaahaapetva vikki.nitu.m nagara.m gami.msu.
Vanitaa sahaayakena rukkhassa saakhaayo aaka.d.dhaapetvaa geha.m nesi.
Ammaa puttena geha.m aagata.m sama.na.m vandaapesi.
Upaasakaa sama.ne aasanesu nisiidaapetvaa bhojaapesu.m.
Bhaginii bhinnapattassa kha.n.daani (pieces) aamasantii rodantii gehadvaare a.t.thaasi.
Udaka.m aaharitu.m gacchantiyo naariyo sallapantiyo rukkhamuulesu patitaani kusumaani oloketvaa modi.msu.
Luddako tu.n.dena phala.m ocinitu.m vaayamanta.m suva.m sarena vijjhi.
Sappurisena kaaraapitesu vihaaresu sama.naa vasanti.

Translate into Paali

The wicked man gets his sons to shoot birds.
The lay devotees will get the monk to preach the doctrine.
Women get their children to honour the Buddha's disciples.
The young woman will get her sister to speak at the assembly.
The farmer caused the tree to fall into the pit.
You (pl.) will get the flowers sprinkled with water.
The king got his ministers to build a monastery.
The queen will live in the palace which the king got built.
The merchant got his wife to put the goods in boxes.
The brahmin got the Buddha's disciple to preach to his people.