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Paali Primer
Preface
Contents
Introduction
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
Lesson 8
Lesson 9
Lesson 10
Lesson 11
Lesson 12
Lesson 13
Lesson 14
Lesson 15
Lesson 16
Lesson 17
Lesson 18
Lesson 19
Lesson 20
Lesson 21
Lesson 22
Lesson 23
Lesson 24
Lesson 25
Lesson 26
Lesson 27
Lesson 28
Lesson 29
Lesson 30
Lesson 31
Lesson 32
For free distribution, as a gift of Dhamma.

Paali Primer

Lesson 21

1. The Present Participle (contd.)

This lesson is a continuation of Lesson 11 and should be studied together with that lesson. It was learnt in Lesson 11 that -nta/-maana are added to the base of verbs which end in -a, to form the present participle masculine and neutuer genders. e.g.:

They are declined like -a ending nouns in these two genders. Further it should be noted that with verbs whose base ends in -e/-aya, -nta is usually added to the base ending in -e; and -maana is added to the base ending in -aya. e.g.:

With verbs whose base ends in -naa both -nta/-maana are generally added, but the -naa is shortened to -na. e.g.:

Present participles ending in -nta occur more frequently in Paali literature than those ending in -maana.

2. The Present Participle (Feminine)

The present participle feminine gender is formed by adding -ntii/-maanaa to the verbal base. e.g.:

When -ntii is added, the present participle feminine is declined like feminine nouns ending in -ii. When -maanaa is added it is declined like feminine nouns ending in -aa.

Declension of pacantii
  Singular Plural
Nom. pacantii pacantii, pacantiyo
Voc. pacantii pacantii, pacantiyo
Acc. pacanti.m pacantii, pacantiyo
Ins. pacantiyaa pacantiihi (pacantiibhi)
Abl. pacantiyaa pacantiihi (pacantiibhi)
Dat. pacantiyaa pacantiina.m
Gen. pacantiyaa pacantiina.m
Loc. pacantiyaa, pacantiya.m pacantiisu

3. Examples in sentence formation

Singular

  1. Ammaa bhatta.m pacantii ka~n~naaya saddhi.m katheti.
    Cooking rice the mother speaks with the girl.
  2. Ka~n~naa bhatta.m pacanti.m amma.m passati.
    The girl sees the mother cooking rice.
  3. Ka~n~naa bhatta.m pacantiyaa ammaaya udaka.m deti.
    The girl gives water to the mother cooking rice.

Plural

  1. Bhatta.m pacantiyo ammaayo ka~n~naahi saddhi.m kathenti.
    Cooking rice mothers speak with girls.
  2. Ka~n~naayo bhatta.m pacantiyo ammaayo passanti.
    Girls see mothers cooking rice.
  3. Ka~n~naayo bhatta.m pacantiina.m ammaana.m udaka.m denti.
    Girls give water to mothers cooking rice.

Similarly, the present participle can be declined in all cases to agree in gender, number and case with the nouns they qualify.

Exercise 21

Suggested Solutions

Translate into English

  1. Khette phalaani corentii daarikaa kassaka.m disvaa bhaayitvaa dhaavitu.m aarabhi.
  2. Buddhassa saavakena desita.m dhamma.m sutvaa yuvati sacca.m adhigantu.m icchantii ammaaya saddhi.m mantesi.
  3. Sayanta.m sunakha.m aamasantii kumaarii gehadvaare nisinnaa hoti.
  4. Raajinii naariihi pu.t.the pa~nhe vyakarontii sabhaaya.m nisinnaa parisa.m aamantetvaa katha.m kathesi.
  5. A.tavi.m gantvaa rukkha.m chinditvaa saakhaayo aaka.d.dhantiyo itthiyo sigaale disvaa bhaayi.msu.
  6. Gehadvaare nisiiditvaa dussa.m sibbantii bhaginii giita.m gaayati.
  7. Asappuriso paapakammaani pa.ticchaadetvaa upaasakehi saddhi.m sallapanto vihaarasmi.m aasane nisinno hoti.
  8. Saatakena ve.thetvaa niliiyita.m suva.n.na.m passitu.m aaka`nkhamaanaa yuvati ovarakassa (room) dvaara.m vivari.
  9. Sace tva.m mula.m vissajjetu.m iccheyyaasi, maa vattha.m ki.naahi.
  10. Sace tumhe bhuupaalassa duuta.m pesetha amacce pi aarocetha.
  11. Kassako chinnaa sakhaayo khettamhaa niiharitvaa a.taviya.m pakkhipi.
  12. Pokkara.niyaa tiire (bank) .thatvaa kadaliphala.m khaadantii ka~n~naa bhaginiyaa dinna.m paduma.m ga.nhi.
  13. Amhaaka.m (our) hatthapaadesu viisati (twenty) a`nguliyo santi.
  14. Rattiyaa gehaa nikkhamitu.m bhaayantii ka~n~naa dvaara.m na vivari.
  15. Sace tva.m ya.t.thiyaa kukkura.m pahareyyaasi so .daseyya.
  16. Maya.m sappurisaa bhavitu.m aaka`nkhamaanaa sama.ne upasa`nkamma dhamma.m sutvaa kusala.m kaatu.m aarabhimha.
  17. Paapakammehi anubandhitaa asappurisaa coraa niraye (purgatory) uppajjitvaa dukkha.m vindanti.
  18. Maa pu~n~na.m parivajjetvaa paapa.m karotha, sace kareyyaatha manussalokamhaa cavitvaa dukkha.m vindissatha.
  19. Sace tumhe sagge uppajjitvaa moditu.m patthetha pu~n~naani karotha.
  20. Sacca.m ~naatu.m ussahantaa braahma.naa sahaayakehi saha mantayi.msu.
  21. Naariyaa pa~njare (cage) pakkhittaa sukaa kadaliphala.m khaadantaa nisinnaa honti.
  22. Go.na.m vihe.thetu.m na icchanto vaa.nijo saka.tamhaa bha.n.daani niiharitva bhuumiya.m nikkhipitvaa kassaka.m aarocesi.
  23. A.taviya.m viharantaa migaa ca go.naa ca varaahaa ca siihamhaa bhaayanti.
  24. Sama.naa saddhaaya upaasakehi dinna.m bhu~njitvaa sacca.m adhigantu.m vaayamantaa siilaani rakkhanti.
  25. Rattiyaa nikkhantaa do.ni nadi.m taritvaa pabhaate (in the morning) diipa.m paapu.ni.
  26. Gehassa chaayaaya .thatvaa daarikaaya bhuumiya.m nikkhitta.m odana.m sunakho khaaditu.m aarabhi.
  27. Bhariyaaya naa.liyaa mita.m dha~n~na.m aadaaya kassako aapa.na.m gato hoti.
  28. U.d.dente kaake disvaa vaalukaaya ca udakena ca kii.lantii daarikaa hasamaanaa dhaavi.
  29. Ratha.m paajetu.m (to drive) ugga.nhanto puriso dakkho (clever) rathaacariyo bhavitu.m vaayami.
  30. Viva.tamhaa dvaaramhaa nikkhantaa kumaaraa pa~njarehi muttaa saku.naa viya (like) uyyaana.m dhaavi.msu.

Translate into Paali

  1. Seated on the bed the girl drank the milk given by her mother.
  2. Taking the pots (gha.te) and talking the women went to the river to bring water.
  3. Without wishing to harass the bird the woman released him from the cage (pa~njara).
  4. Unable (asakkoti) to pick the fruits from the tree the young girl called the farmer.
  5. There is no (natthi) milk in the bowl of the crying child.
  6. The girls who were singing under the tree started dancing.
  7. Being chased by the hunter and his dogs the deer ran into the forest.
  8. Wishing to get profit the women sold garments in shops.
  9. In order to buy oil (tela) to light lamps the boy went from shop to shop.
  10. I gave the box to the girl sitting in the shade of the tree.
  11. The girls laughed pulling the creeper from the tree.
  12. They who oppress women and children are wicked men.
  13. We see with our eyes the rays of the sun falling on the ground.
  14. Hitting with a stick the woman killed the serpent entering the house.
  15. Putting fruits and flowers in boxes sisters sat at the open door.
  16. If you will come out of water and protect the child I will step into the pond and bathe.
  17. We got angry with the women committing evil and left the hall.
  18. Do not shoot the cows and deer roaming in the park, the king and queen will get angry.
  19. May the king and his ministers not oppress the people living in the island.
  20. I gave rice to the starving dogs walking on the road.

Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa.
Buddha sāsana.m cira.m ti.t.thatu.