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- The New Pali Course Part II
- Pali Primer
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Paali Primer
Lesson 17
1. The Past Tense
Conjugation of verbs with the base ending in -a
Base paca = to cook
| |
Singular |
Plural |
| 3rd |
(So) apaci, paci = He cooked |
(Te) apaci.msu, paci.msu = They cooked |
| 2nd |
(Tva.m) apaci, paci = You cooked |
(Tumhe) apacittha, pacittha = You cooked |
| 1st |
(Aha.m) apaci.m, paci.m = I cooked |
(Maya.m) apacimha, pacimha = We cooked |
It should be noted that a- in apaci, apaci.msu etc. is not a negative prefix. It is the augment (optional) denoting the past tense. Verbs whose bases end in -naa are also conjugated in the past tense as above.
Conjugation of verbs with the base ending in -e
Base core = to steal
| |
Singular |
Plural |
| 3rd |
(So) coresi, corayi = He stole |
(Te) coresu.m, corayi.msu = They stole |
| 2nd |
(Tva.m) coresi = You stole |
(Tumhe) corayitha = You stole |
| 1st |
(Aha.m) coresi.m, corayi.m = I stole |
(Maya.m) corayimha = We stole |
2. Examples in sentence formation
Singular
- Bhuupaalo diipe cari/acari - The king wandered in the island.
Sama.no dhamma.m desesi - The monk preached the dhamma.
- Tva.m bha.n.daani vikki.ni - You sold goods.
Tva.m pupphaani puujesi - You offered the flowers.
- Aha.m pabbata.m aaruhi.m - I climbed the mountain.
Aha.m diipa.m jaalesi.m/jaalayi.m - I lit the lamp.
Plural
- Bhuupaalaa diipesu cari.msu/acari.msu - Kings wandered in the islands.
Sama.naa dhamma.m desesu.m/desayi.msu - Monks preached the dhamma.
- Tumhe bha.n.daani vikki.nittha - You sold goods.
Tumhe pupphaani puujayittha - You offered flowers.
- Maya.m pabbate aaruhimha - We climbed mountains.
Maya.m diipe jaalayimha - We lit lamps.
Exercise 17
Translate into English
- Kassako khetta.m kasitvaa nahaayitu.m udaka.m otari.
- Ugga.nhantaana.m daarakaana.m daatu.m aacariyaa kusumaani aahari.msu.
- Upaasakaa aasanehi u.t.thahitvaa dhamma.m desetu.m upasa`nkamanta.m sama.na.m vandi.msu.
- Nagaresu kammaani katvaa vetane labhitu.m aaka`nkhamaanaa naraa gaamehi nikkhami.msu.
- Aacariyo aasana.m dussena chaadetvaa sama.na.m nisiiditu.m nimantesi.
- Kumaaro dvaara.m vivaritvaa rukkhamhaa oruhante vaanare passamaano a.t.thaasi (stood).
- Pa.n.dito go.ne coretvaa akusala.m karonte nare pakkositvaa ovadi.
- Yaacakassa puttaa rukkhehi patantaani phalaani sa.mharitvaa aapa.nasmi.m vikki.ni.msu.
- Kassako dha~n~na.m minitvaa vaa.nijassa vikki.nitu.m pahi.ni.
- Dhamma.m ugga.nhitvaa sama.no bhavitu.m aaka`nkhamaano amacco aacariya.m pariyesamaano Buddha.m upasa`nkami.
- Sace tumhe gaama.m paapu.neyyaatha mitte olokeyyaatha.
- Pa.n.ditamhaa pa~nhe pucchitvaa sacca.m jaanitu.m maatulo ussahi.
- Paasaa.namhi .thatvaa aja.m khaadanta.m siiha.m disvaa vaanaraa bhaayi.msu.
- Rukkhamuule nisiiditvaa gitaani gaayantaana.m kumaaraana.m kaayesu pa.n.naani ca pupphaani ca pati.msu.
- Tumhe dhana.m sa.mharamaanaa maa samudda.m taritvaa diipa.m gacchatha.
- Aapa.nasmi.m bha.n.daani vikki.nantassa vaa.nijassa ratho atthi.
- Aha.m puttassa daatu.m dussa.m sibbanto giita.m gaayi.m.
- Suukaraa ca sunakhaa ca khette aavaa.te kha.ni.msu.
- Purisaa rukkhamuule nisiiditvaa taapasena bhaasamaana.m su.ni.msu.
- Luddakena saddhi.m vane aahi.n.dante putte aamantetvaa kassakaa akkosi.msu.
- Maa tva.m suva.n.napatta.m vikki.nitvaa khagge ki.naahi.
- So bha.n.daani ca khetta.m ca go.ne ca puttaana.m da.tvaa geha.m pahaaya sama.no bhavitu.m cintesi.
- Dhammena jiivantaa sappurisaa mige na maaresu.m.
- Aha.m sopaana.m aaruhi.m, te sopaanamhaa oruhi.msu.
- Sahaayakaa udaka.m otaritvaa nahaayantaa padumaani ocini.msu.
Translate into Paali
- The child sprinkled the lotuses with water and honoured the Buddha with them.
- Having received the pay the men went to the market and bought goods.
- The fisherman brought fish from the sea and sold them to the farmers.
- If you go to bathe wash the clothes of the children.
- The parrots and the crows flew into the sky from the trees.
- Do not scold the children playing under the tree with the dog.
- I spoke to the people sitting in the park having assembled to see the king.
- We got frightened seeing a serpent enter the house.
- I gave water to my son eating rice together with his friend.
- Do not do evil, do good to enter heaven after departing from the human world.
Unicode | Velthuis