Paali Primer

Lesson 17

1. The Past Tense

Conjugation of verbs with the base ending in -a

Base paca = to cook

	Singular	Plural
3rd	(So) apaci, paci = He cooked	(Te) apaci.msu, paci.msu = They cooked
2nd	(Tva.m) apaci, paci = You cooked	(Tumhe) apacittha, pacittha = You cooked
1st	(Aha.m) apaci.m, paci.m = I cooked	(Maya.m) apacimha, pacimha = We cooked

It should be noted that a- in apaci, apaci.msu etc. is not a negative prefix. It is the augment (optional) denoting the past tense. Verbs whose bases end in -naa are also conjugated in the past tense as above.

Conjugation of verbs with the base ending in -e

Base core = to steal

	Singular	Plural
3rd	(So) coresi, corayi = He stole	(Te) coresu.m, corayi.msu = They stole
2nd	(Tva.m) coresi = You stole	(Tumhe) corayitha = You stole
1st	(Aha.m) coresi.m, corayi.m = I stole	(Maya.m) corayimha = We stole

2. Examples in sentence formation

Singular

Bhuupaalo diipe cari/acari - The king wandered in the island.
Sama.no dhamma.m desesi - The monk preached the dhamma.
Tva.m bha.n.daani vikki.ni - You sold goods.
Tva.m pupphaani puujesi - You offered the flowers.
Aha.m pabbata.m aaruhi.m - I climbed the mountain.
Aha.m diipa.m jaalesi.m/jaalayi.m - I lit the lamp.

Plural

Bhuupaalaa diipesu cari.msu/acari.msu - Kings wandered in the islands.
Sama.naa dhamma.m desesu.m/desayi.msu - Monks preached the dhamma.
Tumhe bha.n.daani vikki.nittha - You sold goods.
Tumhe pupphaani puujayittha - You offered flowers.
Maya.m pabbate aaruhimha - We climbed mountains.
Maya.m diipe jaalayimha - We lit lamps.

Exercise 17

Translate into English

Kassako khetta.m kasitvaa nahaayitu.m udaka.m otari.
Ugga.nhantaana.m daarakaana.m daatu.m aacariyaa kusumaani aahari.msu.
Upaasakaa aasanehi u.t.thahitvaa dhamma.m desetu.m upasa`nkamanta.m sama.na.m vandi.msu.
Nagaresu kammaani katvaa vetane labhitu.m aaka`nkhamaanaa naraa gaamehi nikkhami.msu.
Aacariyo aasana.m dussena chaadetvaa sama.na.m nisiiditu.m nimantesi.
Kumaaro dvaara.m vivaritvaa rukkhamhaa oruhante vaanare passamaano a.t.thaasi (stood).
Pa.n.dito go.ne coretvaa akusala.m karonte nare pakkositvaa ovadi.
Yaacakassa puttaa rukkhehi patantaani phalaani sa.mharitvaa aapa.nasmi.m vikki.ni.msu.
Kassako dha~n~na.m minitvaa vaa.nijassa vikki.nitu.m pahi.ni.
Dhamma.m ugga.nhitvaa sama.no bhavitu.m aaka`nkhamaano amacco aacariya.m pariyesamaano Buddha.m upasa`nkami.
Sace tumhe gaama.m paapu.neyyaatha mitte olokeyyaatha.
Pa.n.ditamhaa pa~nhe pucchitvaa sacca.m jaanitu.m maatulo ussahi.
Paasaa.namhi .thatvaa aja.m khaadanta.m siiha.m disvaa vaanaraa bhaayi.msu.
Rukkhamuule nisiiditvaa gitaani gaayantaana.m kumaaraana.m kaayesu pa.n.naani ca pupphaani ca pati.msu.
Tumhe dhana.m sa.mharamaanaa maa samudda.m taritvaa diipa.m gacchatha.
Aapa.nasmi.m bha.n.daani vikki.nantassa vaa.nijassa ratho atthi.
Aha.m puttassa daatu.m dussa.m sibbanto giita.m gaayi.m.
Suukaraa ca sunakhaa ca khette aavaa.te kha.ni.msu.
Purisaa rukkhamuule nisiiditvaa taapasena bhaasamaana.m su.ni.msu.
Luddakena saddhi.m vane aahi.n.dante putte aamantetvaa kassakaa akkosi.msu.
Maa tva.m suva.n.napatta.m vikki.nitvaa khagge ki.naahi.
So bha.n.daani ca khetta.m ca go.ne ca puttaana.m da.tvaa geha.m pahaaya sama.no bhavitu.m cintesi.
Dhammena jiivantaa sappurisaa mige na maaresu.m.
Aha.m sopaana.m aaruhi.m, te sopaanamhaa oruhi.msu.
Sahaayakaa udaka.m otaritvaa nahaayantaa padumaani ocini.msu.

Translate into Paali

The child sprinkled the lotuses with water and honoured the Buddha with them.
Having received the pay the men went to the market and bought goods.
The fisherman brought fish from the sea and sold them to the farmers.
If you go to bathe wash the clothes of the children.
The parrots and the crows flew into the sky from the trees.
Do not scold the children playing under the tree with the dog.
I spoke to the people sitting in the park having assembled to see the king.
We got frightened seeing a serpent enter the house.
I gave water to my son eating rice together with his friend.
Do not do evil, do good to enter heaven after departing from the human world.