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Paali Primer
Preface
Contents
Introduction
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
Lesson 8
Lesson 9
Lesson 10
Lesson 11
Lesson 12
Lesson 13
Lesson 14
Lesson 15
Lesson 16
Lesson 17
Lesson 18
Lesson 19
Lesson 20
Lesson 21
Lesson 22
Lesson 23
Lesson 24
Lesson 25
Lesson 26
Lesson 27
Lesson 28
Lesson 29
Lesson 30
Lesson 31
Lesson 32
For free distribution, as a gift of Dhamma.

Paali Primer

Lesson 4

1. Vocabulary

Masculine nouns ending in -a

Verbs

2. Declension of masculine nouns ending in -a (contd.)

Ablative case: Case endings -aa/-mhaa/-smaa are added to the nominal base to form the ablative singular. Case ending -ehi is added to form the ablative plural; -ebhi is an archaic ending that is also used.

Singular

  1. nara + aa/mhaa/smaa = naraa/naramhaa/narasmaa (From the man)
  2. maatula + aa/mhaa/smaa = maatulaa/maatulamhaa/maatulasmaa (From the uncle)
  3. kassaka + aa/mhaa/smaa = kassakaa/kassakamhaa/kassakasmaa (From the farmer)

Plural

  1. nara + ehi = narehi (narebhi) (From men)
  2. maatula + ehi = maatulehi (maatulebhi) (From uncles)
  3. kassaka + ehi = kassakehi (kassakebhi) (From farmers)

3. Examples in sentence formation

Singular

  1. Yaacako naramhaa bhatta.m yaacati.
    The beggar asks for rice from the man.
  2. Putto maatulamhaa pa~nha.m pucchati.
    The son asks a question from the uncle.
  3. Kassako rukkhasmaa patati.
    The farmer falls from the tree.

Plural

  1. Yaacakaa narehi bhatta.m yaacanti.
    Beggars ask for rice from men.
  2. Puttaa maatulehi pa~nhe pucchanti.
    Sons ask questions from uncles.
  3. Kassakaa rukkhehi patanti.
    Farmers fall from trees.

Exercise 4

Translate into English

  1. Coraa gaamamhaa pabbata.m dhaavanti.
  2. Daarako maatulasmaa odana.m yaacati.
  3. Kumaaro sopaanamhaa patati.
  4. Maatulaa saa.take dhovanti.
  5. Dhiivaraa pi.takehi macche aaharanti.
  6. Upaasakaa sama.nehi saddhi.m vihaarasmaa nikkhamanti.
  7. Braahma.no kakacena rukkha.m chindati.
  8. Kumaaraa mittehi saha bhuupaala.m passanti.
  9. Vaa.nijo assena saddhi.m pabbatasmaa oruhati.
  10. Yaacako kassakasmaa so.na.m yaacati.
  11. Sappaa pabbatehi gaama.m otaranti.
  12. Amaccaa sarehi mige vijjhanti.
  13. Coro gaamamhaa saka.tena saa.take harati.
  14. Bhuupaalo amaccehi saddhi.m rathena paasaada.m aagacchati.
  15. Suukaraa paadehi aavaa.te kha.nanti.
  16. Kumaaro sahaayakehi saha saa.take dhovati.
  17. Sama.naa gaamamhaa upaasakehi saddhi.m nikkhamanti.
  18. Kukkuro pi.takamhaa maccha.m khaadati.
  19. Mitto puttamhaa sunakha.m yaacati.
  20. Buddho saavake pucchati.
  21. Amaccaa pa.n.ditehi pa~nhe pucchanti.
  22. Rajako sahaayena saha saa.taka.m dhovati.
  23. Macchaa pi.takamhaa patanti.
  24. Coraa paasaa.nehi varaahe paharanti.
  25. Amacco paasaadamhaa suva.m aaharati.

Translate into Paali

  1. Horses run from the village to the mountain.
  2. Merchants come from the island to the monastery with lay devotees.
  3. Thieves shoot pigs with arrows.
  4. The lay devotee questions (about) the dhamma from the recluse.
  5. The child falls from the rock with a friend.
  6. The dog bites the child.
  7. Ministers set out from the palace with the king.
  8. The man brings a deer from the island.
  9. The farmer gets down from the tree.
  10. Dogs run along the road with horses.
  11. Boys take away lamps from merchants.
  12. The thief gets down from the stairway.
  13. Merchants bring parrots from mountains.
  14. The horse hits the serpent with its foot.
  15. The uncle, with his friends, sees recluses from the mountains.
  16. Merchants bring horses to the palace from the island.
  17. The minister questions the thief.
  18. The farmer eats rice with the washerman.
  19. The child falls from the stairway.
  20. The fisherman climbs the mountain with his uncle.
  21. The beggar, together with his dog, sleeps.
  22. Kings protect islands with their ministers.
  23. The king worships the Buddha from his palace.
  24. The man kills a serpent with a sword.
  25. Fishermen bring fish to the village in carts.
  26. Pigs run from the village to the mountain.
  27. Lay devotees ask questions from the wise man.
  28. The son brings a parrot from the tree.
  29. Wise men go to the monastery.
  30. Disciples go along the road to the village.